The Theoretical Models And Key Technologies Of Post-earthquake Reconstruction Planning Based On System Theory

China is one of the worst earthquake disaster areas in the world.In these areas,residents' life security is threatened by earthquake disaster,and the urban-rural development also limited.However,it is still quite weak in the study field of emergency urban-rural planning at present,and the current situation needs to be improved urgently.Therefore,it has turned out to be a long-term and pressing study work in the field of urban-rural plan in aspects of earthquake disaster prevention and urban-rural safety construction.In addition,rich practical experience of emergent urban-rural planning has been accumulated in the process of Wenchuan and Lushan post-disaster reconstruction.Many planning techniques according to the local rule have been created in various disaster areas.But due to the lack of systematical analysis,those techniques have not been yet evolved into theories,methodologies and methods of post-disaster planning and reconstruction.As a consequence,problems occurred in practice in many aspects,such as insufficiency of administrative institutions,unimproved technological framework of plan compilation,and defection of regulations and technical standards.On these grounds,this article proceeds to tackle with those current issues on the basis of practical experience acquired in the post-disaster reconstruction with two Sichuan cases.It provides a new perspective to study the post-disaster planning in a systemic way.And the study proceeds sequentially with steps of recognition of problems,literature review,systematical analysis,theoretical model built and case empirical study.In the same manner,various approaches have been applied synthetically in the study,such as methodology of systems science,literature review,field investigation,and qualitative and quantitative analysis.As a result,this article preliminarily sets up the planning theories,methodologies and implementation approaches of post-disaster planning and reconstruction.And the primary contents and conclusions are as follows.Firstly,this article has reviewed and studied the process of the post-disaster planning and reconstruction,realizes it composed of various elements,which coordinated and operated in a certain scope of time and space in disaster areas.Obviously,the study object is a typical system.And what's more,the system is not a simple system but a complex one owning to the complex environment of disaster areas.In addition,the dynamic tendency of the environment makes interactions with all the elements associated and also with the environment.So that it determines the open property of the post-disaster reconstruction planning system rather than a closed one.So essentially,we probably need to regard the post-disaster planning process as an open complex giant system with systematic view.Specific to the component of the open complex giant system from the system feature,we initially find out that the organization management system and the engineering technology system are the two main sub-systems,which matches to the methodology of systems engineering.However,the theories and methodologies of systems engineering have evolved to the senior stage namely systems of systems engineering currently.So that it requires systems methodologies of systems of systems engineering to do this study.(Chapter 1,2)Secondly,this study creates the identification model of the post-disaster planning reconstruction with tools refer to system metaphor of TSI(Total System Intervention).Its purpose is to acquire cognitions of the inner architecture,components and their relations,and their attributes of the post-disaster open complex giant systems.According to the specific analysis,methodologies and tools can be matched appropriately.Through the identification model,we further analyze the post-disaster planning systems and recognize the dual characteristics of both hard and soft.And the property appears not only in the two primary sub-systems of the organization management system and the technology system,but also in their secondary subsystems and components.According to this,we might conduct that this study needs a hard-soft integrated methodology.Thus,with the system of systems engineering oriented,the article will create a multi-methodology of both hard and soft characteristic integration to study post-disaster planning construction systems.(Chapter 3)Thirdly,the article initially creates a series of theory models in relation to systems integration of post-disaster reconstruction.At first,the study rebuilds the systems architecture with the methodology of the Hall's Three Dimensional Morphology of systems engineering.It formed a new three dimensional architecture of the post-disaster planning and reconstruction systems.On this basis,a conceptual model of systems integration is constructed.Then a further study has been carried on.Specific to the two aspects of organization integration and technology integration,the conceptual model has been refined to the logical model of post-disaster planning systems.Focus on the technology integration,the study systematically analyzes those components of lifecycle,multidiscipline platform and plan systems,and creates the ERTPM model(Earthquake Reconstruction Thought Planning Model),which provides a thought and technology integrated framework for implementation.Specific to the organization integration,this study constructs the ECUPMM model(Emergency Concurrent Urban-rural Planning Management Model)with the methods and approaches of Concurrent Engineering.It provides the environment and platform for technology integration.And it is the organization approaches to realize the technology integrated.As a result,the organization system and the technology system are built.Planning steps of post-distater reconstruction are constructed between those two systems and finally an integration framework is created.(Chapter 4)Fourthly,based on the planning techniques accumulated in the process of Wenchuan and Lushan post-earthquake reconstruction,the study selects technical expertise and concisely describes those according to the national standard of disciplines classification.Then an assemblage of 21 planning technologies is formed preliminarily.Afterward,the study further analyzes those technologies in terms of significance and relevance with measurable approaches.To specific,it applies the Delphi inquiry method to rank those technologies sequentially according to their significance in different reconstruction stages and application in various planning types.And it also sorts them in the light of their similarity.Finally,this article acquires the key technologies and constructs the key technology systems of post-disaster reconstruction.And those key techniques have been classified into two units: general technology and special technology,which provides the modular units of technology integration.According to the planning types of post-disaster reconstruction,special technology has been classified as four units: special technology for relocation plan,special technology for master plan,special technology for special plan and special technology for site plan.On this basis,technology integration has been to proceed on account of the system integration architecture of post-disaster reconstruction.As a result,the Earthquake Reconstruction Operation Planning Model(EROPM)has been created.Specific to its application,the planning operation model is transferred into the location technology integrated plan,master technology integrated plan,special technology integrated plan and detailed technology integrated plan.And they provide guidance and empirical study for post-earthquake reconstruction.(Chapter 5,6)Finally,In conclusion,the study initially constructs the theory framework of post-disaster planning and reconstruction with the systematic view,creates a series of methodologies,models and approaches.So in this we expect that it can be widely applied in the future post-disaster reconstruction,and provided theoretical guidance in practice.