The Institutional Arrangement Research On The Balanced Allocation Of China’s Urban-rural Public Resources

Increasing the level of rural public resources supply, promoting urban and ruralbalanced allocation of public resources, can effectively narrow the gap between urbanand rural areas，and promote social justice. As for the allocation of public resources,being influenced by the development mode of dual structure in urban and rural areas,China has adopted the city-oriented development strategy. While a large number ofhigh-quality resources are invested to the city, the construction and development ofrural public resources are ignored. As a result, the allocation of public resources has aserious imbalance between urban and rural areas. Insufficient supply of rural publicresources, which is a constraint bottleneck to rural socio-economic development, hasseriously hindered the rural productivity improvement and has badly affected the ruralresidents’ physical quality and cultural quality. Therefore, it is necessary to establishthe balanced allocation mechanism of urban and rural public resources, which isessential to establish harmonious society, to ease the contradiction between city andvillage, to promote social justice and to achieve the integration development of urbanand rural areas.Based on the principle of social justice, the equilibrium allocation is that throughthe rational allocation of limited resources, urban and rural residents are able to enjoyrough equilibrium in the aspects of quantity and quality of public resources. Also, itmeans the construction of rural public resources are gradually increased, the ruralbasic of society development, economy development and culture development areincreasingly improved. It does not curb the construction of the city public resourcesfor the development of rural areas, but it helps the weak and also support the strong,that is, city and rural areas develop together. The equilibrium emphasizes a dynamicand developing balance, which is not the same in different historical period. In this thesis, based on the investigation of the current configuration status of Chinese urbanand rural resources, such as infrastructure, health service, basic education, socialsecurity and social welfare, the author finds that the urban public resources, both inquantity and in quality are much better than in rural areas, and the allocation ofurban-rural public resources is in the state of significant imbalance. The reason ismainly rooted in the urban-rural dual structure and the public resource allocationmodel of the city as a center. Accordingly, this thesis proposes the methods to achievethe equilibrium allocation of urban-rural public resources, which include theestablishment of the public resources allocation system of Urban-rural integration, thesound monitoring mechanism of the public resources balanced allocation in urban andrural areas, the public participation mechanism of the public resources allocation inurban-rural areas and the social management system of urban-rural integration.This thesis is divided into seven parts.Chapter One, introduction. It mainly introduces the background and significance,literature review, methods and contents, and builds a detailed research program. Andfinally, it points out the innovation and shortcomings of the thesis.Chapter Two, the general introduction about balanced allocation of publicresources between urban and rural areas in China. Firstly, the related concepts of theconnotation of public resources, balanced allocation and the balanced allocation ofpublic resources are defined. Secondly, the guiding theories of public resourcesallocation are studied, including the justice theory, the equalization theory of welfareeconomics and Urban-rural integration theory. Finally, based on the theoriesmentioned above, it analyzes the evaluation standard of urban and rural publicresources balanced allocation of Chinese, mainly including the goal of balancedallocation of public resources, standards and basic conditions.Chapter Three, analysis of the development process and the current situation ofthe allocation of urban and rural public resources in China. Based on the historicalevolution of urban and rural public resources allocation system in China, the thesisobtains our country’s urban and rural public resources allocation has been taken to theallocation of public resources to the city as the center, then it demonstrates the importance of balanced allocation of urban and rural public resources from fourdimensions of the value analysis, economic analysis, political and social analysis, andthen analyses in-depth the status quo and problems of Chinese urban and rural publicresources allocation in five aspects—urban and rural infrastructure, public health,social security, social welfare and basic education.Chapter IV, the analysis of reasons for the imbalance between urban and ruralpublic resources allocation in China. The public resources configuration mode ofeconomic, cultural and public product to the city as the center leads to theconstruction of urban public resources increasingly sound, but the rural publicresources develop slowly, even can’t satisfies the basic needs of rural residents.Theurban-rural dualization of the identity system, public finance system and politicalrights splits urban and rural into two parts. What is worse, the government takes thedual-track allocation model of public resource to city and countryside, whichproduces an entirely different allocation pattern of the urban and rural publicresources. In addition, the weak public resources appeal of rural residents makes thegovernment easily ignore the reasonable demands of rural residents during a publicresource allocation. Variety of reasons leads to the huge difference in urban and ruralpublic resources allocation and a serious imbalance in urban and rural public resourceallocation.Chapter V, the institutional arrangement and experience of foreign urban andrural public resource allocation. Through in-depth study of public resources allocationmodel with three typical developed countries of the United States,WesternEurope,Japan and two developing countries of Brazil, India, the thesis points out thatchina should pay attention to four issues during the public resources allocation:coordinate the relationship between the development of urban and rural areas in theprocess of industrialization and urbanization, increase financial investment in theconstruction of rural public resources, encourage rural residents to actively participatein the construction of the rural economy and improve the legal norms of urban andrural public resource allocation.Chapter VI, the system design about the balanced configurations of Chinese urban and rural public resources. This thesis uses the infrastructure, basic education,social security, public health and social welfare construction as the starting points fordesigning the system of urban and rural public resources balanced allocation. Andthen it constructs the evaluation principles to measure the extent of the Chinese urbanand rural public resources balanced configuration that the allocation of publicresources must be conducive to the promotion of social stability, economicdevelopment, social justice and embodies the concept of people-centered development.Finally, the goal of the design of urban and rural balanced allocation of publicresources is proposed, including the realization of an organic combination of equityand efficiency, the achieving of a combination with personal responsibility and stateresponsibility, the injecting of the concept of common development of urban and ruralareas.Chapter VII, achieving the choice path to the balanced allocation of urban andrural public resources institutional arrangements. This thesis argues that to effectivelychange the rural backwardness of the allocation of public resources, to achieve thebalanced allocation of rural and urban public resources, four strategies can be adopted.First, establish the integration of Urban-rural public resources allocation system.Second, establish and improve a monitoring mechanism of the urban and ruralbalanced allocation of public resources. Third, establish the universal participationmechanism in urban-rural public resources allocation. Lastly, establish the integrationof Urban-rural social management system.