| Nowadays, China is in the period of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, there are strong demands on construction land in social and economic development, expropriation rural land becomes the main supply mode of construction land, but the drawbacks of the existing land requisition system and the stringent farmland protection system makes Inefficient and idle rural residential land a "pet" that the local governments solve the contradiction of supply and demand of construction land, promote the development of economics and society. As a major component of China’s construction land, rural residential land is the material basis for the survival and development that China’s rural households depend on. At present, the conversion pilot of implementing rural residential land has an extensive and far-reaching impact on farmers、countryside and agriculture, especially more profound impact on rural households.Taking the peasants’family of rural residential land conversion in Wuhan Metropolitan as research subjects, This paper has studied the risk capacity and changes of the peasants’family welfare in the residential land conversion Under the guidance of the sustainable livelihood development theory and the family feasible capability theory extended from Amartya Sen’capability theory; based on the way of questionnaires, discussion visits, the assets of peasants’ family livelihoods and change of peasants’ living have been gotten around in the rural residential land conversion around. Using the quantification method livelihood assets, the paper gets the resistance risk capacity and type of peasants’families; using binary Logistic regression models and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, combined qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper gets the welfare factors of impacting peasants’willingness of residential land conversion and the peasants’family welfare state after residential land conversion. Then based on the current situation of loss compensation of rural residential land conversion, the paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current compensation mode, combined with the sustainable livelihood development theory, discusses how to make them tend toward the path of sustainable livelihoods. Finally, based on the bilateral market theory, the paper designs to build conversion market of rural residential land achieve a balanced welfare and protect the rights and interests of peasants and promote the efficient use of rural residential land resources. The main conclusions of the study are the following:1. Measuring the value of peasants’family livelihood assets, assessing the risk capacity of and classifying the types peasants’family.(1) According to the sustainable livelihoods development theory, indicators are selected from human assets, natural assets, material assets, financial assets and social assets of five areas, the risk capacity evaluation system is built; then using the quantification method livelihood assets, the anti-risk capacity of peasants’families is measured; the research shows the value of peasants’ family livelihood assets was positively correlated with the anti-risk capacity of peasant families.(2) By measuring the value of peasants’family livelihood assetsOf survey areas, according to the anti-risk capacity of peasants’families, peasants’ families are divided into four categories:the multi-asset-deficient type, the lack of a single asset type, the asset ordinary type and asset affluent type.2. The willingness of residential land conversion and welfare factors of affecting willingness.(1) The willingness of residential land conversion is generally low. According to the questionnaire statistics, the conversion willingness of survey areas accounts for only20.57%; From the perspective of the family types, the multi-asset-deficient type accounts for17.65, the lack of a single type of assets accounts for21.15, the asset ordinary type accounts for28.40%, the asset affluent type accounts for13.16%.(2) the welfare factors of affecting willingness are complex. The binary Logistic regression model shows that various welfare factors affect the willingness, from the total sample, the welfare factors include age of family head、education leve、value of family livelihood assets、peasants" urban" identity、subjective feelings of the living environment、social security、employment opportunities; from asset-deficient samples, the welfare of factors include age of family head, education leve、the main source of income, conversion policy awareness, subjective feelings of living environment、per capita living space、social security、employment opportunities; from assets-balanced sample, the welfare factors include age, education level, the main source of income, Awareness on residential land property,"urban" identity, subjective feelings of living environment, social security.3. Effects of residential land conversion on the welfare of peasants" family and the patterns of achieving sustainable livelihoods and the measures of reasonable compensation (1) Peasants’ family Welfare (capacity) could be measured by family economics, living conditions, social security, development opportunities, community environment, leisure and health, psychological state; Residential land conversion has different effects on different types of peasants’families:from view of the total sample and asset balanced samples, after the implementing residential land conversion, the welfare of peasants’ family would be slight improved(integrated fuzzy indexes are respectively0.507,0.547), from view of the asset-deficient samples after the implementing residential land conversion, the welfare of peasants’ family would be declined (integrated fuzzy index is0.464); from view of welfare function indicators, family economics (0.611), social security (0.678), living conditions (0.751) and leisure and health (0.570) of the asset balanced family have been enhanced and improved, while family economics (0.490), community environment (0.430), opportunities (0.374) and psychological benefits (0.410) of the asset -deficient family have been declined.(2) Patterns of achieving sustainable livelihoods. Whether it is the multi-asset-deficient and the single-asset deficient types, or the asset-ordinary type and the asset-affluent type, the single monetary compensation is not conducive to long-term livelihoods of peasants’ family. From the perspective of sustainable livelihoods, rural residential land compensation should be Implemented in terms of human capital, physical capital, natural capital, financial capital and social capital, according to the position of peasant’ s family livelihood assets to achieve differentiated, precise compensation the conversion families, and to achieve the sustainable livelihood development of the peasants and their family members.(3) To make the compensation for conversion peasants comprehensive, reasonable, compensation content should also be rich, and the method of compensation should be optimized, the procedures of compensation should be fair, open and transparent, and the content and mode of compensate should be advanced with the times. To compensate for rural residential land, the welfare and assets of rural residential land should be manifested, to ensure peasants a better social security and policy, to achieve that peasants have a convenient、air-fresh、elegant "new homes",Of course, compensation procedures should also fair, openness and transparency, compensation mechanisms should be developed with the times.4. Rural residential land market mechanism design based on the welfare balance. According to the bilateral market theory derivation, in the constraints of the nowadays land institution, the implementation of government-led residential land conversion whole group or a whole village, will be conducive to manifest benefits and asset nature, conducive to improve social welfare. So based on the transformation of government functions, achieving social welfare maximization, the rural homestead of circulation build the conditions, principles, basic structure and operation mechanism of the bilateral market of rural residential land conversion will be designed. |
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