A Study Of Photoelectric Measuring And Data Processing Of High Altitude Dim Spacecraft

High altitude dim spacecraft is a typical space target, and the characteristics ofhigh altitude, far distance and high velocity brings great challenge to themeasurement system. Precision is the core and key in the estimation of exteriorballistic trajectory. Aiming at the photoelectric measuring and data processing of thehigh altitude dim spacecraft, the methods of station distribution and data processingwere studied in order to improve the precision of optical measurement under theconditions of high altitude and far distance.The optimization design of optical measurement station distribution for the highaltitude dim spacecraft was analyzed. An algorithm for station distributionoptimization based on genetic algorithm was presented by taking into account of allthe optical measurement constraints. The target function model of station distributionoptimization was put forward, and the constraints of optical measurement wereanalyzed, then the algorithm for station distribution optimization based on nichegenetic algorithm was set up.Aiming at the problem of error correction in the high trajectory opticalmeasurement, the systematic error sources were analyzed when the target was above80km, the corresponding error model was set up, and the correction method was putforward according to the fixed star observation, based on which, the air refractionerror and the axis errors of device were corrected together. The experimentationresults prove the efficiency of the correction method.To improve the post positional accuracy of high altitude dim spacecraft, aprocessing method based on the tracking data fusion of multi photoelectrictheodolites was presented. The sparse parameter model was applied to the fusionprocessing of angle measurement data, then the joint model of positional parametersof spacecraft and systematic errors of devices was established, and the redundancywas improved by using multi-devices measurement data. According to thecharacteristics of spacecraft orbit with characteristic points, an optimizationalgorithm based on optimal knots spline was presented. Firstly, the math model ofspline knots optimization for position parameters of spacecraft orbit withcharacteristic points was put forward. Secondly, the recognition method forcharacteristic points was introduced. Then, the spline knots optimization algorithm based on chaos particle swarm optimization was set up. To improve the opticalmeasurement accuracy of high altitude dim spacecraft’s miss distance, a processingalgorithm based on the same frame film data of multi-devices was presented. Firstly,the basic principle of miss distance measurement by optical method was put forward.Secondly, the influence on miss distance by the angle measurement data errors wasanalyzed. Finally, the sparse parameter algorithm based on the same frame film dataof multi-devices was set up, and the precision of miss distance influenced bymeasurement errors was analyzed.In order to realize the function of remnant orbit and impact point predictionwith the observing data of optical measurement as the data source, a method waspresented to compute the elliptical orbit elements, and the simulation results ofimpact point prediction in typical cases were supplied. In order to validate theprecision of measurement device, the unpowered orbit characteristics of high altitudespacecraft can be used to realize the orbit restrain self-calibration. The systematicerror model of optical measurement data and the coordinate transition were analyzed,and the orbit restrain self-calibration algorithm of optical measurement data was setup. The simulation test in typical cases was implemented in order to verify theeffectiveness of the method. The simulation results show that the systematic error ofoptical measurement data can be accurately corrected by the technology of orbitrestrain self-calibration when the redundant observing data of multiple photoelectrictheodolites are used in post data processing.