| The theory of relativity is about the motion of matter and the time and space theory, is one of the important theory foundation of modern physics and science and technology. Its establishment is one of the greatest discovery in twentieth Century of science, has a far-reaching influence on physics, astronomy and philosophy. The theory is introduced to China in1917, influenced by the western learning spreading to the East and five four new culture movement, the Chinese people rapidly without any doubt accept this theory, and then transmission and absorption, become the western scientific theory in the typical case of Chinese communication, he profoundly change our view of science, cosmology and view of life, have a great effect on Modern Chinese society and the modernization of education.The author based on the newly discovered TUNG-CHI-MONATSSCHRIFT, National Wuhan University of Science Quarterly, Journal of Peking University, Northern Weekly,Science and other periodical literature of a large number of original documents and secondary literature as background,from physics history, history of ideas, communication history, history and other periodicals perspective, outlining the context of relativistic spread in China. The results showed that:(1) In China, Einstein’s special theory of relativity incoming time as Dai Nianzu, said Hu Danian in1917. However, Einstein’s general theory of relativity, cosmology is introduced to China in1920. February1920,"Oriental magazine" edited by Hu Yuzhi entitled "gravitational attraction of the new light that can be said," Einstein’s theory of general relativity was first introduced in1919and first reported total solar eclipse experiments verify the results. In the same year, students studying Wenyuan die in the "Arts" published "because modern scientific revolutionaries Aiyinsitai new cosmology", the first time Einstein limited boundless universe into China. So far, Einstein’s special theory of relativity, general relativity, cosmology fully into China.(2) In China, Relativity,the Special and the General Theory(Popular Exposition) which was the first translation Einstein’s theory of relativity by Xia Yuan-li, Theory of Relativity wasThe first Chinese university textbooks which was Compiled by Tian Qu. Xia Yuan-li was Einstein’s students, who followed Albert Einstein at the Berlin University in1919-1921, he translated the popularity of Einstein’s theory of relativity edited Reader in the spring of1921, April1922,Relativistic Explanation which was first edition by the Commercial Press, Xia Yuan-li added Einstein’s cosmological and Biography in this book, This translation book was textbook by Department of Physics before1948years, Theory of Relativity was compiled by Tian Qu and published by the middle of the field drainage bookstore in1948, the book has reprinted six times in Taiwan, Theory of Relativity is the first relativistic Chinese textbook.(3) In China,1949years ago, the pioneer of the theory of relativity dissemination and research in addition to Hu Danian said of Li Fang-bai, Xia Yuan-li, Zhou Chang-shou, Wei Si-luan, Zhou Pei-yuan and Shu Xing-bei, through an analysis of a large number of historical data, complementing the studied in Japan Wen Yuan-mo, Wu Nan-xun, Zheng zhen-wen and study in the U.S. and Europe study Tour Hu Ning, studying in France Cheng Mao-Lan and Tian Qu.By supplementing the relevant historical documents, combing Einstein’s theory of relativity was spreading in China context, the author of the previous studies based on the following observations:(1)1949years ago, Relativity dissemination and development in China has gone through three periods. The first period was from1917to1920, Einstein’s theory of special and general, cosmology etc. was comprehensive introduction in China. The second period was from1920to1928, due to the May Fourth Movement, Russell’s visited to China, as well as Einstein pathway Shanghai from Japan and "Einstein wave of Japan effected, relativistic spread in China reached a climax. The third period is from1928to1949, Chinese scholars began through the system of higher education and learning relativistic physics courses, study abroad in Europe and America through research, validate theoretical relativity, general relativity, cosmology and unified field of research to make a scientific contribution.(2)1949years ago, dissemination and research scholars in China had studied abroad Japan or Europe and America. By the author of the historical data analysis and statistics, spread relativistic scholar in China had studied abroad in Europe and America had Xia Yuan-li, He Yu-jie, Wei Si-luan, Gao Lu, Xu Zhi-mo,Yang Quan, Wang Guang-qi, Wang Chong-zhi, Shen Yi, Wu Zhao-hao, spread relativistic scholar in China who Xu Chong-qing, Li Fang-bai, Zhou Chang-shou, Wen Yuan-mo, Wu Nan-xun, Pan zu-wu, Zheng Zhen-Wen, Zhang Yi-Hui, etc. had studied abroad in Japan, after they returned home through faculty lectures, speeches relativity, or editing and publishing periodicals and books, etc. make a contribution in accepted and studied relativity. The scholar as Zhou Pei-Yuan, Hu Ning, Shu Xing-bei, Cheng Mao-Lan also had a history of study in Europe, in the international phase of the study after the theory of relativity, make a contribution in development Einstein’s theory of relativity. Study of relativistic spread in China for a strong case support which Overseas Students make great contribution for development of natural science in China.(3)1949years ago, spread relativity in China was is Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan as the center of the country in the process.Xia Yuan-li, He Yu-jie, Zhang Yi-Hui, Wen-yuan mo,and Zhou Pei-Yuan etc.was professor at Peking University or Beijing Higher Normal School (predecessor of Beijing Normal University) or Tsinghua University introduced relativity through lectures, teaching, published an article (Beijing University Journal etc.) or the publication of books,Zhou Chang-shou, Xia Yuan-li, Zheng Zhen-Wen, Wei Si-luan and Shu Xing-bei etc. introduced relativity in Shanghai through Eastern magazine,Young China, LA REKONSTRUO, Wisscn und Wissenschaft and other periodicals, they was teached relativity in Da Xia University, Tong ji University, Fu dan University, Zhe jiang University and Shanghai Jiaotong University; while who was teached relativity as Li Fang-bai, Wu Nan-xun, Pan Zu-wu and Zheng Ya-yu etc. in the Wuchang Higher Normal School (predecessor of Wuhan University), Wuhan University, Wuchang Higher Normal School Mathematics and Physics Association and Quarterly Journal of Wuhan University of Science became dissemination relativistic major journals. Theory of relativity in China’s geographical spread of these scholars is the city where the center, and gradually to the northwest and southeast extension of the process.(4)1949years ago, Chinese people accepted the theory of relativity was very rapid Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and Maxwell’s major works in1910was still not a fully introduced into China. With the spread of classical mechanics in China compared to the relativistic time incoming Chinese fast (only15years to fully introduction), transmission extensive (journals, books, visit, study and other means), disseminate diverse content (translation with, scientific papers, scientific drama, biographies and other forms), communication impact is large (up to the scientists, down to the ordinary people, no wonder the relativity of the term), spread with remarkable results (eight years later in1928, Zhou Pei-yuan published research papers of general relativity in the American Mathematical Monthly). And the Chinese people is no doubt accepted in full, and quickly incorporated into the physical education curriculum of higher, allowing Chinese Higher Physical Education began to enter into the realm of modern physics in the1920s. |
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