Constructing A Balanced Benefit Sharing System Between Urban And Rural Areas

Since the reform and opening policy, economy in China has maintained rapid growth and created enormous material wealth for the society. However, a co-existing phenomenon is the growing disharmony between urban and rural areas. Looking at the history of China’s economic development, the striking contrast of urban and rural unfair treatment greatly contributes to economic growth made by agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Huge contrast between contribution and return reflects the distortion of the current benefit-sharing mechanism in China, which has limited increasing income levels of farmers, hence prohibited sustainable and healthy growth of national economy, resulting in a lack of public goods in rural areas and difficulties in transformation of traditional agriculture, and impeding the normal process of urbanization. Unreasonable benefit-sharing mechanism has led to unfair interests sharing between urban and rural areas. If social conflicts brought by the widening gap between urban and rural areas can not be effectively resolved, the development of economic and social stability in China will be affected finally.The paper is written under the guidance of related theories of Marxism economics such as urban-rural relationship and development view, benefit view, and the principle of the counteractive effect of distribution on production, applying related theories in development economics, institutional economics and political economics, and studying in depth the building of benefit-sharing mechanism for urban and rural areas through qualitative analysis, game analysis, comparative analysis and some other methods systemically. Based on the summarization of previous studies on benefit-sharing and overall development of urban and rural areas, the paper makes a scientific connotation of interests and interests sharing, explains the definition, variety and levels of interest, and indicates that the basis of interest is material interest, and that income and public products are two important dimensions of basic level of interest. The core of benefit-sharing is fair sharing, and the basic proposition of benefit sharing is fair rights, including fair economic rights, political rights, social rights and legal status. A benefit-sharing mechanism must be established to realize benefit sharing, involving four organic parts, namely, empowerment mechanism, achievement mechanism, recycling mechanism and protection mechanism. The paper makes a comprehensive exposition of the theoretical framework of benefit-sharing mechanism by two important dimensions of incoming and public goods.On the basis of theoretical analysis, the cause of the unfair urban-rural benefit sharing logic of income and public goods in the setting of Chain is studied in this paper. Through analyzing the correlated statistics of economic and social development before and after China’s reform and opening up, combined with China’s urban and rural structure and its evolution process, this paper describes the situation of the unfair urban-rural benefit sharing pattern from the two dimensions of income distribution and public goods. And focused on those two dimensions, this paper anatomizes the system root for forming the unfair urban-rural benefit sharing pattern, points out that urban-rural dual structure and the institutional arrangement of various interests based on it are the system root for the imbalance of benefit sharing between urban and rural areas. After that, through contrastive analysis, this paper discusses the successful experience and lessons of other countries around the world in solving the benefit sharing between urban and rural areas, and shows the importance of constructing an urban-rural benefit-sharing mechanism through contrasting both positive and negative examples, and summarizes some valuable experience. Based on the analysis of specific cases of different urban-rural benefit sharing patterns in those domestic areas where the problem is well handled, some valuable experience is drawn for successful policy making.This article consists of five parts. The first part is an introduction, which mainly explains both the background of this study and its theoretical and practical significance. In this part, it reviews the researches carried out at home and abroad in order, proposes the ideas, research methods and content of the study. This part gives a general description of the theoretical framework of this study, and then analyzes the shortage and possible innovation. The second part is about the basic theory of benefit-sharing mechanism, defining the relevant concepts and definitions; it gives a comprehensive exposition of the theoretical framework of benefit-sharing mechanism, which is the core of this theory. The third part analyzes the causes of the inequities between urban and rural interests in China. Focused on the two dimensions of income and public goods, it descries the situation of the inequities in the sharing of urban and rural interests and does researches on the reasons for this. The fourth part is about comparative analysis of the sharing of urban and rural interests. After listing some examples of solving the problems of the sharing of the urban and rural interests at home and abroad, the article summarizes the experience. Part V gives some suggestions on building urban and rural benefit-sharing mechanisms. According to the principles of urban and rural areas, and focusing on income and public goods as the two important dimensions, the article points out the policy implication of building a sharing mechanism for urban and rural interests.Possible innovations of this paper lie in the following three aspects:First, a theoretical analysis framework of benefit-sharing mechanism is constructed which, based on the scientific definition of benefit sharing, discusses some basic theoretical problems from the aspects of the basic proposition and the core of benefit sharing and the relationship between benefit sharing theory and inclusive development. Focused on the central concept of benefit sharing, this paper designs a fair benefit sharing mechanism covering empowerment mechanism, achievement mechanism, recycling mechanism and protection mechanism of benefit sharing. The author proposes to realize the fair empowerment and achievement of rights between urban-rural citizens and hence the fair sharing of the fruits of reform and development through the construction of benefit sharing mechanism.Second, this paper tries to change the traditional analysis mode restricted to income distribution and public goods acquisition by fitting the problem into the framework of urban-rural benefit sharing. Income distribution and public goods, two important dimensions of material benefits, are only the basis of benefit sharing. These two dimensions help to reveal the effect of an unreasonable urban-rural benefit sharing mechanism on the imbalance of benefit sharing, and more advanced benefit sharing problems may be explored on the basis of the conclusion drawn from the studies on the two dimensions. And this overall analysis of the cause and solutions to urban-rural differences is more comprehensive and of more universal significance.Meanwhile, on the basis of income distribution and public goods acquisition along with the summarization of historic data, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the unfair urban-rural benefit sharing. Fitted in the fundamental theory of benefit sharing mechanism and combined with the formation and evolution of the urban-rural dual structure, this paper analyses in depth the formation and development of the imbalance in urban-rural benefit sharing pattern, and explores the system root of such imbalance. It is theoretically innovate to take income distribution and public goods as elements of benefits, describe urban-rural differences from the perspective of benefit sharing and explore the system reason of such differences with the theory of benefit sharing mechanism.Third, based on theoretical analysis, this paper compares and analyses some latest cases and points out the policy implication of building a sharing mechanism for urban and rural interests. In the process of case study and contrastive study, this paper discusses the successful experience and fruits of different areas in China in solving the benefit sharing between urban and rural areas, and classifies them into different patterns according to their different characteristics. The different patterns reflect the different characteristics of the areas respectively, and different ways to balance urban-rural benefit sharing are created in accordance with the situations of the areas respectively. Despite the different practice of balancing urban-rural benefit sharing in different areas, the theoretical universality summarized from the different policies and measures confirms the practical significance of constructing a balanced urban-rural benefit sharing mechanism, and the vivid experience drawn from practice provides abundant operable policy reference for the construction of a balanced urban-rural benefit sharing mechanism.