The Research On The Development Of The Small-Scale Peasants In China To Self-Sufficiency

From the perspective of the history of human society, agriculture is not only the beginning of the progress of human society, but also the basis on which human society can multiply. China, as a large agricultural nation, is suffering from“three rural problems”(agriculture, countryside and farmers). Therefore, how to solve the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers, accelerate the small-scale peasant economy and social development will become a very notable problem. This article attempts to respond to this problem, building a theoretical framework to analyze peasant economy and social development and explore the evolution and development of China’s peasant economy so as to clarify ideas to boost the transformation of small-scale peasant economy.This paper combines Historicalism with logical structure in the analysis of doctrine, using the new perspective "community - market”,to look at the small-scale peasants’production life in the basic background of the community (such as culture, ecology and so on) where small-scale peasants produce and live. We believe that a community creates a market, and a market provides a platform for community development.Based on a large of classic theories about small-scale peasants, the paper proposes a hypothesis, that is“to self-sufficiency of small farmers”.“To self-sufficiency of small farmers”is that farmers gradually participant in social division of labor system in the field of the production, increasingly rely on social services system in the life field, more and more toward socialization in the social communication field.The paper will take small farmers’self-sufficiency for spindle, take their behavior’s analysis as the center, and take system’s change for background to discuss. In order to avoid causing chaos theory and the danger of misguided policies because of misunderstanding about the small farmers’concept,“To self-sufficiency of small farmers”analysis the small-scale peasant economy from the angle of human social division of labor, which makes the analysis of the problems with the essential and really quality and objectivity of the features, we can call“To self-sufficiency of small farmers”for“Smallholder general”, because this concept reflects the essential characteristics of the development of small-scale peasant economy, is a general abstract. At the same time, the fate of small farmers depends on productivity level, that is to say, the level of social division of labor decides whether there should be a“small peasant”, to clarify whether smallholder economy has efficiency between academic circles.The behavior’s rational layered model of“To self-sufficiency of small farmers”is based on the analysis’framework of“To self-sufficiency of small farmers”, the layered model think that as small farmers to self-sufficient level gradually deepening, social and economic strength gradually began to break closed, traditional“acquaintances society”to“strangers society”. Small farmers will also transit from community rationality to market rationality. Such community rationality formed naturally or half unconsciously from“acquaintance society" in the long-term contacts, have lasting vitality, and form local characteristics and cultural phenomenon. This paper analyzes social conditions of rational transition and other factors. By this rational layered model, the author tries to get through the existing theories between the diaphragm and the differences, proposes a possible explanation in order to scientifically understand possible problems among small peasant economy and social development.On the basis of the theoretical construction, the paper analyses the modern self-sufficiency of small farmers, claiming that the modern self-sufficiency of small farmers is a kind of "low-grade ultra-light". In addition, the paper inquires into Philip Huang’s "agricultural involution", re-understanding of the theory of "agricultural involution" problem from the perspective of social division of labor.The paper covers two-stage analysis of modern Chinese self-sufficiency of small farmers. The first stage, from post-liberation to pre-reform, is characterized as "the government’s leading" and the second stage as "market-oriented". Analysts believe that today’s self-sufficiency of small farmers possesses the following basic trend: farmers moonlighting, farmers’cooperation in production and management and the rural life to the "community - the market"-type community.Based on an investigation conducted in a village of guan zhong in Shaanxi province, the analysis of the real situation of“to self-sufficiency”small-scale farmers in production and other aspects of their contemporary life is made from a microscopic point. At the same time, collective property rights issues are also discussed from the perspective of the farmers with the hypotheses that the collective interests of property rights are a bunch of dynamic relations put forward.Finally, ideas and suggestions to enhance small-scale peasants to self-sufficiency are brought forward in view of the potential problems and resistance that the small-scale peasant may encounter in the process to self-sufficiency. The government is supposed to create a good environment in political rights, social life and industry support and speed up to self-sufficiency of small farmers by such measures as increasing human capital, establishing a range of cooperative organizations and new communities.This paper may be innovative in the following aspects. The first one is an innovative perspective of research. Cross-disciplinary research is carried out in the paper applying economics, sociology and other knowledge. And communities - new research market analysis perspective, a analysis of small-scale peasant economy and social development perspective, is put forward on the basis of analysis of the problem from the interdisciplinary research situation - behavior "logic". The second is the initial idea. The assumption of the "Community rational" to analyse small farmers’behavior is proposed, different from the modern Western economics and sociology on the assumption of human behavior in order to better explain the behavior of small farmers. The third is the original analytical framework. To make the theory universally applicable, a new social evolution of peasant economy analytical framework, that is, to the theory of self-sufficiency of small farmers is explored, which helps to avoid the problems in diachronic and synchronic aspects arising from the study of small-scale farmers.