Research On The Integration And Development Of Rural Industries Under The Perspective Of Division Of Labor

As a major innovation and development of the Party’s theories and policies relating to agriculture,rural areas and famers,promoting the integration and development of rural industries is the fundamental way to realize the rural revitalization.It’s the objective requirement for increasing farmers’ income continuously,and the inevitable choice to explore the road of agricultural modernization in China’s context.Division of labor is the premise and foundation of industrial integration and development;the emergence of industrial integration and development will inevitably lead to changes of the original labor division system and form a new one,which in turn further promotes division of labor.There is mutual penetration between division of labor and industrial integration and development.The essence of rural industrial integration is the internalization of the labor division among rural industries,which benefits farmers by shortening the distance between agricultural producers and consumers,realizing the large-scale substitution of the organization to the market,and ultimately reducing transaction costs and improving the efficiency of transactions.Deepening the division of labor and improving the efficiency of transactions are the proper meanings in promoting the integration and development of rural industries.Systematically review the relevant literature and theories of labor division and the integration and development of rural industries,we summarize four modes of convergence development of rural industries from the perspective of labor division: cluster development of agricultural industrialization,expansion of agricultural function,extension of agricultural industrial chain and development driven by new agricultural business entities.Refer to "Smith-Young model",using ultra-marginal analysis methods,we prove that when transaction efficiency is very low,transaction costs will exceed the benefits of specialized economy,integration and development of rural industries will not appear.But when transaction efficiency increases,the scope of trade-offs between specialized economies and roundabout production is expanded,and there are more roundabout production chains,which leads to the achievement of the integration and development of rural industries.Transaction efficiency affects the development of rural industrial integration through infrastructure,public service and so on.There is a complex nonlinear relationship between them,and transaction efficiency is the key factor that promotes the integration and development of rural industries.This paper constructs an evaluation index system of the integration and development of rural industries from the perspective of labor division.We measure the level of the integration and development of rural industries in China using entropy methods.The results suggest that China’s integration and development of rural industries has a significant improvement during 2006 to 2018.The overall level of rural industrial integration and development shows a clear regional pattern,which is high in the West and low in the East.The growth rate of rural industrial integration and development also shows a clear regional pattern;growth rate of the Middle and West is higher than that of the East.Judging from the time-and-space evolution of the level of the integration and development of rural industries,there have not yet been provinces with a high level of the integration and development of rural industries;there are few provinces having a medium-or high-level of the integration and development of rural industries.The number of provinces with a low-or medium-level of the integration and development of rural industries has steadily increased and occupied the majority,and there are less provinces with a low-level of the integration and development of rural industries.China’s integration and development of rural industries is moving from a low-level starting stage to an accelerated development stage.According to the global Moran index analysis,it can be seen that the level of integration and development of rural industries between provinces and regions of China has positive spatial self-correlation,showing the characteristics of spatial agglomeration.Self-correlation presents a trend of "weak-strong-weak".According to the regional Moran index analysis,there is an unbalanced state of the level of the integration and development of rural industries among provinces,which gradually weakens from the East to the West.And the major regional spatial patterns are the types of high-high and low-low,with some other insignificant ones.The high-high type mainly distributes in coastal provinces with more developed economy,such as the Bohai Rim region and the Yangtze River Delta region.The low-low type mainly distributes in the northwestern region.We measure transaction efficiency in China’s rural areas using entropy methods.The results show that the overall development level of transaction efficiency in China’s rural areas has improved,but there is a lot of room for improvement.Moreover,we empirically test the impact of transaction efficiency on the level of the integration and development of rural industries using Hansen threshold regression model.The results suggest that rural transaction efficiency significantly improves the level of the integration and development of rural industries,and a unit increase in rural transaction efficiency leads to a 0.1419 unit increase of the level of the integration and development of rural industries.The threshold effect results show that when the rural transaction efficiency is low(i.e.less than or equal to 0.5379),the improvement of rural transaction efficiency has a inhibitory effect on the level of the integration and development of rural industries,and when rural transaction efficiency reaches a higher level(i.e.above 0.5379),the improvement of rural transaction efficiency has a significant positive effect on the level of the integration and development of rural industries;in general,rural transaction efficiency has a “U” shape effect on the level of the integration and development of rural industries.We further empirically test the effect of labor division and the effect of the integration and development of rural industries on the quality of life of farmers.The results show that the improvement of transaction efficiency in rural areas and the improvement of the level of the integration and development of rural industries significantly reduce the rural poor,and the impacts of the integration and development of rural industries are greater.The improvement of rural transaction efficiency and improvement of the level of the integration and development of rural industries have the same effects on the decline of Engel coefficient in rural households,but the coefficient of the interaction term between these two variables is not significant.Meanwhile,their effects on farmers’ quality of life are different in coastal areas and inland areas.Based on the theoretical research and the results of empirical tests,we analyze the cases of four national demonstration parks for the integration and development of rural industries in Lianyuan city and Xidongting Management Zone,Liangping District and Yongchuan District of Chongqing.The following experiences and enlightenments can be drawn: to promote the integration and development of rural industries,we should suit policies to local conditions and take actions according to circumstances.It’s important to establish multi-form of interest linkage mechanisms,cultivate diversified industrial integration subjects,and improve multi-channel industrial integration services.At last,we put forward the following policy suggestions to promote the integration and development of rural industries: improving the transaction efficiency in rural areas comprehensively;cultivating advantageous agricultural industrial clusters;developing various types of integrated industries;expanding the value chain of agricultural industry chain;and promoting the coordinated development of various subjects.