A Study On The Village Community In Contemporary Tibetan Area

British Professor of ethnology and anthropology, and theorist of the structural-functionalist school-A Radcliffe Brown-and the founder of Chinese ethnology, Wu Wen-zao, both emphasise that to further study a people, fieldwork should be conducted at village level1.This dissertation therefore focuses on Guoda village, comprised of53households and analyses of fieldwork there. Its research methodology is based on cultural anthropology, sociology and history, producing a detailed picture of life in Guoda before and after reform. It describes Guoda village in terms of its economy, social structure, education, conceptualisation of the spiritual world, personal and social relations, occupational stratification and mobility aswell as from the perspective of status and change. Via a longitudinal comparative study, I analyse the causes of social change in Guoda village life and its development process. While confirming the theory that "the essence of culture is to adapt:adaptation brings development, I elucidate the type of scientific management of Guoda with regard to its economic and social development which-while revealing many contradictions-nevertheless poses a solution.The dissertation is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is "the introduction". It narrated geographical location and cultural landscape of ethnographic description in detail about the fieldwork site-the Guoda village Shenzang township Choni County,the Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province in northwest of China,and explained the historical background, theoretical theme and the basic point of concern.At the same time, It summarized systematically the history and present situation of village studies at home and abroad. On the basis of reviewing the gain and loss, it show that the author trying to push as solid ethnographic research, promote the development of Tibetan village ethnography in China on the basis of the fieldwork of ethnology and anthropology in the process of modernization of the village community. The second chapter is "Tibetan residents’mode of productio in Guoda village". It detailed description economic mode of production for traditional agriculture and animal husbandry in Guoda village, and trade-offs for land and pasture, namely, agriculture and animal husbandry in the process of modernization, and demonstrated the Tibetan residents’conscious choice for Guoda village in the face of modernization. In the full analysis of the pros and cons of farming and animal husbandry economic mode of production, and based on the traditional and realistic situation, the people in Guoda village should make a coalition organization in order to promote economic strength for farming and animal husbandry. The third chapter is Tibetan residents’way of life of Guoda village. Based on Guo Dacun people daily income and a detailed description of the human courtesy letter spending shows that in today’s modern, Guo Dacun people still routine with grandparents from the traditional culture custom, this is the village residents for private feelings and family, neighbourhood relations between the important means.Houses built, and the use of household appliances and small agricultural mechanization, both show the modernization to improve the level of Guo Dacun people live directly, also shows the gap between rich and poor widens the century difficult problem that needs attention. Finally to representative in Guo Dacun village family of three family as a case, detailed their way of living and family situation, the author believed that the traditional livelihood model cannot make Guo Dacun people get rich, should be finishing train of thought, change ideas, to adapt to the rapid development of society. The fourth chapter is the social structure of Guoda village.This chapter to Guo Dacun the history and characteristics of village, village community, and society, village people’s marriage and family, social stratification and mobility, the social structure deep trace as the main line, is intended to illustrate the impact of cultural change for Guo Dacun social structure.The fifth chapter is cultural education of Tibetan residents in Guoda village."Bilingual education", the traditional temple education and modern school education is the focus of research in this chapter.Temple education in cultivating Tibetan intellectuals, spreading Tibetan culture and knowledge, and shaping the national spirit has a irreplaceable role actively, but there are also from the masses, and cannot popularize public knowledge, cultural knowledge and science and technology limitations such as phase separation.Human capital is the most important resource in the21st century, all kinds of resources, the popularization of science and technology and the production and life are inseparable from the effective support of human resources, current situation and Guo Dacun people by education degree is, the illiteracy rate is as high as56%, and modernization of society requires highly match. Should learn from past experience and lessons for the development of education, take various measures, efforts to improve Guo Dacun Tibetan people’s cultural quality.The sixth chapter is Construction of spiritual world for Tibetan people in Guoda village:religious beliefs.The chapter of Guo Dacun person’s religious beliefs, Guo Dacun just cover the main temple temple, villagers interact with the temple, the religious spending, on the part of the religion make a description and analysis, pointed out that in order to adapt to the pace of modernization, the villagers and religion in active debug their development.The seventh chapter is daily life and cultural heritage:folk custom and entertainment of Guoda village. Guo Dacun villager’s successor in folk entertainment in traditional and modern change in quietly changing, however, as the condensing villagers adhesive, folk custom entertainment will be inherited in the change.The eighth chapter is epilogue:the research conclusion and reflection.State the preliminary conclusions of the study, on the cultural adaptation of Guo Dacun people should pay attention to the problem, government policy has made accord with ethnography the interpretation of the facts, and then points out that cultural consciousness is community development and realize the modernization of our premises, and for the study as a village pleaded their case ethnographic research and reflection.In addition, the author showed some pictures about related images of Guoda village at the end of each chapter.