Study On The Influence Of Family Backgrounds On Academic Achievements

Since implemented the reform and opening polity,China’s overall national strength has developed by a big margin, social productivity has got great liberation, and people’s living standard has improved significantly.However, the reform has brought a lot of confusion and social problems.The most prominent social problem is the social inequality.In this context, the issues of education and social stratification have become the focus of attention of the people.social justice is an important measure of social civilization and progress.Educational justice is an important measure for social justice.This This dissertation adopts quantitative methods to research the causal relationship of family backgrounds and academic achievements, and puts forward constructive solutions to promote the educational justice.The first chapter:introduction.This chapter explains the research meaning, introduces the research methods and research framework, defines the key concepts, introduces the methods of sampling and sample demographic characteristics.Methods of this study are a combination of empirical analysis and normative analysis, a combination of statistical analysis methods and geometric model methods,a combination of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.This study adopts international standard statistical software SAS9.2to build up the statistical models.The second chapter:study on direct causalities between family backgrounds and academic achievements.In this chapter, descriptive statistics are used firstly to show the differences of the academic achievements among different family backgrounds.Then,this chapter uses hierarchical linear model(HLM)to calculate the ratio of family background factors to the differences of academic achievements.The third step,this study uses logistic regression to calculate the different opportunity to enter high schools and the key high schools of students from different family background.Research results show that:there is a direct causal relationship between occupation backgrounds of parents and academic achievements of children.There is a direct causal relationship between educational backgrounds of parents and academic achievements of children.there is a direct causal relationship between family incomes and children’s academic achievement.Parental occupational backgrounds have significant effects on the opportunities to enter ordinary high schools. Parental educational backgrounds have significants on opportunities to enter ordinary high schools.Family incomes have significant effects on opportunities to enter ordinary high schools. Parental occupational backgrounds have significant effects on the opportunities to enter key high schools. Parental educational backgrounds have significants on opportunities to enter key high schools.Family incomes have significant effects on opportunities to enter key high schools.The third chapter:study on indirect causalities between family backgrounds and academic achievements. The core of indirect causality research is to find out intermediary factors. According to the conclusions of theoretical analysis and literature research,this paper studies the three mediating factors:The first intermediary factor:family private tutoring.First of all, a scale is designed to measure the family private tutoring. Scale is composed of three factors:extra classes factor,tutors factor and parental guidance factor.Then,using nonparametric test,the causal relationship of family background and the factors of family private tutoring is studied. The third step is to analysis the effects of the family private tutoring on academic achievements using multiple regression.Extra classes factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements. Tutors factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements. Parental guidance factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements.The second intermediary factonthe physical environment. First of all,a scale is designed to measure the family physical environment. Scale is composed of three factors:the curricular books factor,reference books factor and electronic products factor.Then,using nonparametric test,the causal relationship of family background and the factors of family physical environment is studied. The third step is to analysis the effects of the family physical environment on academic achievements using multiple regression.The curricular books factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements. The reference books factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements. The electronic products factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements.The third intermediary factor:parental involvement.First of all,a scale is designed to measure parental involvement. Scale is composed of three factors:academic management factor,educational atmosphere factor and educational expectation factor.Then,using nonparametric test,the causal relationship of family background and the factors of parental involvement is studied. The third step is to analysis the effects of the family parental involvement on academic achievements using multiple regression. The educational atmosphere factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements. The educational expectation factor is the intermediary factor of family backgrounds and academic achievements.The fourth chapter:use the SEM to build up the causality model of family backgrounds,family education factors(intermediary factors)and academic achievements. The direct impact indicator of family backgrounds on academic achievements is smaller than the indirect impact indicator of family background on the academic achievements.The impact indicator of parental involvement factor is bigger than the impact indicators of physical environment factor and private tutoring factor.The results show that in order to get academic success,parents should create a good family education environment for the students, provide emotional support to children,rather than only support superior learning environment and family private tutoring.The fifth chapter,the conclusion and the policy suggestion. Firstly,analysis and summary of the above empirical conclusion. According to the results of empirical analysis, Dissertation puts forward policy suggestions.Finally,summarize the lack of the research and the prospect of future research. The theoretical significance of the research:(1)the theories of social stratification is a hot research field for sociologists.Many academic predecessors put forward the views for social stratification standard.scholars in our country also put forward the classification standards according to the actual situation in contemporary China.Based on the analysis of the classification standards, this dissertation constructs the index system of the family backgrounds from the educational point of view in contemporary China.(2)There are many different scholars in the western educational reproduction theory field. Because different scholars have different theoretical basis and different analysis tools,these scholars debate with each other.This dissertation combines the western theories and the China’s reality to measure the effects of family backgrounds on academic achievements,reveal the family backgrounds are important factors on student academic achievements,seek intermediary factors of family backgrounds on academic achievements,investigate action mechanism of family backgrounds on academic achievements,deepen the connotation of reproduction theory.(3)In previous studies for education and social stratification, there are two major areas in economy and sociology. The sociology and economy have their different theoretical advantages and different methods, and make gratifying achievements in different fields.But sociology and economy lack communication and cooperation.This dissertation breaks the boundaries of sociology and economy,adopts analysis methods and quantitative methods of sociology and economy together, explore the discipline integration between educational sociology and educational economy.The practical significance of the research:(1) the study meaning for families:the parents may realize the importance of family education,realize the intermediary factors on academic achievements to help children improve academic performances.(2)The study meaning for schools:the teachers may realize achievements are the joint production results of the school and the family.In order to improve the academic performance of students, teaches should concern about the family educational factors of the disadvantaged students.The schools should narrow the gaps of students’ academic achievements from different family backgrounds.(3)The study meaning for government:the government should have more sober understanding of achievement inequality from different family backgrounds,and reduce the academic differences from different family backgrounds through the education reform and education legislation.