Modern Chinese Compose Research

The phenomena of clitic and cliticization are a new field in modern Chinesegrammar study，so an overall and systematic discussion on which has not beensearched as yet，although the concept and the usages of clitic were montioned bysome linguistic works. From the aspects of syntax and semantics and pragmatics andmarkness，the functions of clitics are described and explained comprehensively andsystematically,using the theories of cliticization，semantic evolution, prosodicgrammar and the subjectivisation in this paper，also the theory of clitic andcliticization are vertified by cases investigations. The paper consists of four partswhich includes sixteen chapters.Part1addresses the western theoretical system of clitic and cliticization，discusses the relationships between cliticization and grammaticalization andlexicalization，distinguishes the typical characteristics of Chinese clitic according tothe differences of function words and affixes，and then defines clitics andinvestigates their types and sources and functions in modern Chinese.Part2deals with the clictics of“shuo”（说）“shi”（是）“ge”（个）and localizersevoluting from notional words.“Shuo”belongs to the typical properties of encliticwhich located in the behind of verbal object verbs and modal verbs and conjunctions.“Xshi”is used to express subjective emphasis and modal assessment，the encliticof“shi”is a pragmatic marker，localizers attaches to the double syllablecomponents and forms suprasegmental structure and breaks away from thespatio-temporal category，conforms to the typical characteristics of the clictics in themorphological process.Part3deals with the clictics of“yi”（以）“zhe”（着）“men”（们）and“dehua”（的话）.“Yi”in the the structure of“Vsingular++N”has characters of the clicticthrough the lexical grammaticalization which leads to structural cross layer. The clicticof “zhe” lost aspect marking identity and shows the special function of taking object.The evolution path of “men” is reconstucted to determine it’s identity of the clitic.“Dehua” is regarded as an properties enclitic of the double syllable according to it’s adhesion object and function extension performance in the context.Part4analyzes the development and evolution trend of the clitic. Doublesyllable properties enclitic of“yu”（于）became zero form due to functionalredundancy and rhythm restrictions.The clitic of“suo”（所）became zero form dueto the grammaticalization and sructure evolution. The negative word of“bu”（不）with The non-true-value semantics became a promatic marker throughsubjectivisation and analogy. Double syllable clitic of“qilai”（起来）goes thoughcliticization and lexicalization and further became an special double syllable affix.The mainly innovation points of this paper are as the followings：first，it is thefirst to explain the western linguistic theory of the clitic and cliticization and studyrelated phenomena in Chinese comprehensively and systematically. Secondly，thewestern linguists use some hypothetical rules to explain the syntax changes of clitics，ignoring the diachronic evolutions of language, this paper focuses on the syntatxfunctions of clitics from the dynamic perspective，not only cares for the motivationand mechanism of diachronic evolution，and also pays attention to analysize thesynchronic functions and differentiations. Again，this study can explain some of theChinese grammar problems, such as the reason why some prepositional structurescan be in the front of verbs although most of them are peposed in ancient Chinese.Finally，it makes the beneficial supplements and expansions to the researches ofChinese word class system，and applies the theory of clitic and cliticization to theisolating language.