Research On Trade Relationship Between Ming Dynasty And Mongolia

According to documents and historical materials, drawing on previous research results, the author of the dissertation focuses on economic exchanges between Mongolia and Ming dynasty at different period, researches on development trajectory of trade between Mongolia and Ming Dynasty, explores the impacts of economic and trade relations toward ethnic and political relationship.Based on development situation, trade relations between Ming dynasty and Mongolia was divided into three periods, just the early, mid and late. In early period, from Hongwu to Jingtai period, tribute trade was the main part of trade relations between Ming dynasty and Mongolia. From Tianshun to the Jiajing period, trade patterns transferred in mid term. In late period, mutual trade was main part.The dissertation is divided into four chapters. In chapter I, the author combed tribute trade in early Ming dynasty and a small number of trading in border frontier, discussed the generated background, system, influences of tribute trade, point out tribute trade was based on special history condition. It was consequence on unbalance situation between Ming dynasty and Mongolia. There are great limitations in the system, and lead to break out conflicts generally. In the chapter II, the author discussed the economic exchanges patterns between Ming dynasty and Mongolia, such as intermittence present tribute, short term horse market in the period of Tianshun to Hongzhi years, trade suspended, and the prevalence of smuggle in Jiajing period, trade request of Altan Khan, horse market in30th years of Jiajing. The author focused on horse market in30th years of Jiajing, which attempt for the new trade and communication mode.In the chapter â…¢, the author detailed studied the trade between mid-to late-Ming dynasty and Mongolian Left wing. Trade market, trade situation, kinds of trade, market trade administration in the period of early Ming dynasty was researched, made comparative study on between tributary trade, frontier trade and conferment; discussed the trade between Ming dynasty and Mongol, especially focused on the volume of trade and award amount, indicated that trade and award volume contributed a lot in determining the friendly and peaceful relationships between two countries, so that Ming dynasty realized the control towards Mongol right-wing and a qualitative change was seen in the trade between Ming and Mongol.In the chapter â…£, based on former study, the author expound the trade relationship between Ming dynasty and right wing of Mongolia in the period of late Ming, narrated and analyzed refusing policy of Mongolian right wing, indirect trade between Ming dynasty and right wing of Mongolia, complicated relationship between Jurchin, Ming dynasty and Mongolia, new economic policies of Ming dynasty toward Mongol. Throughout history, trade between Ming dynasty and Mongolia experienced three stages, just tribute trade in early period, transformation from tribute trade to market trade in mid period, market trade in late period. In the process of trade between Ming dynasty and Mongol had been dominant by Ming dynasty. Either market trade or tribute trade, both of them were means of Ming dynasty for controlling Mongolia. It was contained the strong political factors. Mongolia, solved the defects of the nomadic economy, Economic purpose was the most important for the. The Ming dynasty had been in an absolute economic superiority. So, kind of trade ways were selected by Ming dynasty. There are infinite demand for expanded trade in Mongolian, the Ming dynasty exist use of limited economic exchanges attempt to getting a larger political interests. Under this circumstance, the economic problems had been politicized by Ming dynasty. From this point, the trade between Ming dynasty and Mongolia was difficult to equal. In the system of Ming dynasty, there was no development space with any kinds of trade. However, trade transformed from tribute trade to market trade. And it was prodigious historical progress, in the result of long term conflicts, collision, running correction to adapt to changes, correct results from blood war and typical for dealing with political relationship by economic measures.