The Research Of The Evolution Of The Tradeform Between Monglia And Han In Datong Region In The Ming Dynasty

The trade between Mongolia and Han is an important part of Ming-Mongolia relationship,which runs through all the history of the Ming Dynasty and it has different forms at different times.As Datong is situated between the border of the Ming Dynasty and the Mongolia, it is a developed region for the trade between Mongolia and Han, the main forms of the trade between Mongolia and Han are all reflected here.The early days of the establishment of the Ming dynasty, depend on the powerful strength,the Ming Dynasty was in the driving position compared with the Mongolia, it can adjust their strategies for Mongolia according to the actual situation. Until the Yongle Periode, Ming Chengzu sudden change Ming Taizu’s economic blockade and military attacks policy to pacify Mongolia troops and established tributary relations in the political and economic. Datong is located in the tribute track from Mongolia to Beijing, which produced way-port tributary trade and folk smuggling trade together. During this period, the tributary relationship of Ming-Mongolia is relatively stable. The folk smuggling trade in bud.The national power in Mid-Ming Dynasty began to decline, Mongolia can’t continue to afford to maintain the tributary system. Mongolia troops began to plunder frequently. The both sides entered the long-term state of confrontation and conflict. In this context, the trade between Mongolia and Han in Datong, one of the regions that Mongolia invade frequently, into a trough.During the Tianshun to Hongzhi period, the tributary system disintegrate gradually. The way-port tributary trade is In the intermittent towards its end. From Zhengde to Jiajing period,Ming-Mongolia campaign continued, tributary barrier, the folk smuggling trade began to spread and become a major form of trade during this period. But it does not meet the two communities,especially the demands of Mongolia for the Central Plains supplies, Therefore, after the Mongolian leader Altan Khan repeatedly seek tribute, Ming Dynasty set up horse market in the city of Datong in the thirty years of Jiajing Period, but turn it off soon after, the legally trade between Mongolia and Han interrupted again.During the Longqing period, the government of Ming Dynasty talked with the Mongolian Altan Khan, reached the "Long-qing Peace Treaty" which has significance to the Ming-Mongolia relationship, ended the confrontation between the two sides, the border region entered a relatively peaceful period. Ming government reopened horse market in Datong city, as one of "Long-qingPeace Treaty" of the main content, the trade between Mongolia and Han in Datong become legalization,institutionalization and long-term oriented, and in Datong city,horse market became the main form of the trade between Mongolia and Han until the demise of the Ming Dynasty.The evolution of the trade between Mongolia and Han in Datong region of the Ming Dynasty, "Long-qing Peace Treaty" is the watershed, comparing two periods, showing an obvious trend,that is the trade from government-led transition to community-driven, showing several aspects of the performance of the business in the form of diversification, trade levels deep, trade-scale expansion, etc. This shift to reduce the burden on the central government and army-civilian, to improve relations with the right-wing as well as to promote economic development in Datong region are of great significance.