| Since the implementation the policy of the Reform and Opening up, China has been through the period of rapid economic development for more than twenty years. In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the living level of people is raising higher and higher. The ratio of consumption of servives in total consumption is inceasing. Under the background of comsunption upgrading, the persistently rapid development of tourism industry has made it became the new growth-point of local economic development. Ecological tourism, as a special form of tourism industry, is a series tourist’s activities aims to relax mind, strengthen the body and improve the healthy through the process of enjoying the natural landscape and experiencing the history and culture. A large number of research indicated that the eco-tourism not only can contribute to the economic growth, but also can coordinate the relationship among economic growth, social progress and environmental protection. Nowadays, the scale expansion is the main way to develop the eco-tourism in China. So, the effienciency of growth, which means whether the output-input ratio is effiencient or not, is the one of important and necessary conditions for sustainable development of eco-tourism. And the regional effects, includes the income effects, job-creating effects, exchange effects, industrial relevance effects and ecological environmental effects, yield by efficient development of eco-tourism is very important for local development. Xiaolongshan forest area is one of the earliest forests ecological tourism industry in Gansu province, which has been formed complete forest ecological tourism service system, this has certain stimulative effect of economic development in southeast of Gansu. The paper takes the Xiaolongshan Forests Region as the study area to analysis how the development of eco-tourim impact regional development. First of all, the research progress of the ecological tourism and its regional effets in China and abroad was reviewed. Based on the reviews the paper pointed out the problems of current research. Secondly, the paper analyzed the eco-tourism development effienciency by using Malmquist index model based on DEA model, and investigated the driving forces of eco-tourism development by adopting the method of STIRPAT combined with PLS. Thirdly, by using Input-output analysis and GIS, the regional effects, includes the income effects, job-creating effects, exchange effects, industrial linkage effects and ecological environmental effects, yield by eco-tourism development is analyzed objectively. Based on result of objective analysis of regional effects, the paper also investigated the regional effects subjectively by analyzing the social perceptibility of regional effects brought by eco-tourism. Finally, based on the positivistic analysis result, the specific policy for eco-tourism development is proposed.(1) The index of Total Factor Productivity for ecological tourism in Xiaolongshan greater than1during1998-2009, this indicated that the matching ratio of input-output is efficient, and the development of eco-tourism is at the stage of efficiency-improvement. The technology progress and scale expansion is the main driving forces for the efficiency improvement of eco-tourism development. The main impact factors of eco-tourism development include:the level of external dependence, the quantity tourism enterprise and human capital. And the level of external dependence has the greatest impact on eco-tourism development among the three main factors.(2) The job-creating effects of ecotourism development is notable in Xiaolongshan, and the comprehensive employment coefficient is0.27281which means if the Xiaolongshan invest100million for ecotourism development, there will be2728job opportunities for Xiaolongshan. The job-creating effect of eco-tourism for Food and lodging industry is greatest among the industries related eco-tourism, and for Transportation industry, the effect is less then food and lodging industry but greater than other industries. The exchange earnings of eco-tourism in Xiaolongshan have great contribution to the exchange earning of Gansu province, and the contribution is greater and greater along with the eco-tourism development. The income from tourism has became the important part of the third industries in Xiaolongshan, and has a great impact on the development of the third industries which means the direct income effects of eco-tourism is obvious for Xiaolongshan. In addition, the dependence level of GDP on tourism income in Xiaolongshan is higher than Gansu province and the whole country, so the indirect income effects also notable for Xiaolongshan.(3) The analysis of industrial linkage effect for Xiaolongshan indicated the eco-tourism has high consumption coefficient which means eco-tourism has the great acceleration effect on the upstream industries, i.e., ecotourism has high degree of backward linkage. The direct driving effect of eco-tourism on food, transportation and lodging industry is greater than other departments. The forward linkage degree of eco-tourism is lower than backward which means that the supportive of tourism to other departments is not notable because the tourism department is a consumption sector not the intermediate input sector. In a word, the backward linkage effect of eco-tourism is bigger than backward effect.(4) There has been a significant improvement and enhancement in the overall ecological environmental quality of the study area, the spatial difference of regional eco-environment quality is closing and the benign evolution of the eco-environment is more stable and balanced. The NDVI values have negative effects on tourism development of Xiaolongshan, it means that tourism development has negative effects on eco-environment, but the negative effect continually weaken.(5) The social perceptibility of regional effects of Eco-tourism Development’results indicated that the regional economic effects of eco-tourism development have the value3.68, in a better level; regional social and cultural effect have the value3.52, also at a good level; regional ecological environment effect have the value3.45, at a general level, it means the public of Xiaolongshan believe that the development of eco-tourism have contributed to the regional economic and social and cultural development, however, public’perception about the positive effect of the eco-tourism development on eco-environmental effects was found to be insignificant. The region’s total effects of eco-tourism development have the value3.58, for a better level, which shows:the eco-tourism development of Xiaolongshan have contributed to the regional development. |
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