| Part I: Fecal calprotectin levels in healthy children aged 0~18 monthsObjectives:To explore the variation trend of fecal calprotectin(FC) levels in healthy children aged 0~18 months and its influencing factor.Methods:Healthy children aged 1~18 months in poor rural area of Yunnan Province and Shanghai city were recruited. Stool samples of the children were collected and analyzed. Parents were asked to complete a brief questionnaire regarding feeding and sociodemographic factors. The children’s weight and length were measured. The fecal calprotectin concentration was determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The trend of fecal calprotectin levels in children and its influencing factor were analyzed. The correlation between FC level and infants’ growth was analyzed.Results: A total of 373 infants were recruited in Shanghai. The study included 85 healthy neonates(median: 166.9μg/g, range: 15.5~1488.9μg/g) and 288 healthy children aged 1~18 months(median: 174.3μg/g, range: 6.0~1097.7μg/g). No difference in FC concentration was observed between genders. Neonates whose mothers had gestational diabetes mellitus(median: 195.93μg/g, range: 34.7~1488.9μg/g) had greatly increased levels of fecal calprotectin(meconium) compared to neonates whose mothers had not(median: 127.92 μg/g, range: 15.5~523.2 μg/g; P=0.033). A statistical significant correlation was found between calprotectin levels in meconium and birth weight(P=0.013, r =-0.269). No differences were found in relation to gender, the mode of delivery and gestational age.In the different age groups, 1~3 months(75children), 3~6 months(61children), 6~9 months(51children), 9~12months(51children) and 13~18months(50children), the median calprotectin concentrations were 375.2(range: 51.8~1097.7) μg/g, 217.9(range: 47.0~895.4) μg/g, 127.7(range: 10~557.2) μg/g, 96.1(range: 10~545.4) μg/g and 104.2(range: 6.0~937.5) μg/g respectively. The FC levels of infants in Shanghai city had a downward trend with age from 1 to 18 months, there was a significant correlation between age and fecal calprotectin concentration(r=-0.490, P<0.001). In infants aged 1~6 months, fifty four infants were breast fed, and fifty one infants were formula fed, thirty one infants were mixed-fed. Breast fed infants had fecal calprotectin levels of 377.0(range: 35-937) μg/g, formula fed infants had 232.8(range: 37-895) μg/g, and mixed-fed infants had 154.5(range: 51.8-1033.2) μg/g, the median faecal calprotectin concentration was significantly higher in breast fed infants than in formula fed or mixed-fed ones(P<0.01).In infants aged 1~18 months, simple correlation analysis of weight-for-length Z-scores or weight-for-age Z-scores vs. fecal calprotectin for the subjects showed that the relationship was negatively correlated(Spearman’s rho-0.287, P<0.001; Spearman’s rho-0.243, P<0.001 respectively). FC level was not associated with Length-for-age Z-score in Shanghai. The median FC level in 533 poor rural infants and children(median: 362.5 μg/g, range: 2.7~1478.0μg/g) was significantly higher than that in affluent urban infants and children(median: 114.9 μg/g, range: 6.0~937.5μg/g); FC levels was negatively associated with Length-for-age Z-score(r=-0.274, P<0.001).Conclusions: The FC levels of infants in Shanghai city had a downward trend with age from 1 to 18 months, but there was no significant difference was observed in relation to gender. FC concentration of neonates and infants may be influenced by factors of gestational diabetes and breastfeeding respectively. FC level of neonates was negatively associated with birth weight in Shanghai. The FC level of infants and children aged 1~18 months was negatively associated with WAZ and WLZ. The FC levels in 6 to 18 months old infants and children in poor rural infants were significantly higher than those in affluent urban infants and children, FC levels was negatively associated with LAZ.PartⅡ: Preliminary study on the influence of mild intestinal inflammation in mechanism retarding growthAims: To explore the establishment of intestinal inflammation animal model in rat induced by TNBS and to determine the relative contribution of intestinal inflammation to linear growth delay.Methods: To induce mild enteritis, different concentrations of TNBS(2.5%TNBS and 5%TNBS, 100μl/rat) were administered per-rectum to rats respectively. According to the results of colonic mucosa stained with HE, the concentrations of TNBS of establish the model of mild enteritis model was set at 2.5%. 24 rats were randomly divided into 2.5% TNBS induced mild enteritis, healthy free feeding controls, and pair-fed group. Enteritis group and healthy free feeding controls allowed free access to food, a pair-fed group comprising healthy animals whose daily food intake was matched to that of their pair in the enteritis group. Body weight, length, 24 hour food and water intake were measured daily in all animals. Rats were killed after 7 d,the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) were determined. Calprotectin were measured in plasma, liver tissue and feces. Plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1 were measured.Results: In second days until seventh days after administration, the differences of body weight gain among the three groups(control group, enteritis group and paired groups) were statistically significant(F = 4.62 ~ 21.41, P <0.05), weight gain in paired group were minimum, the second is enteritis group and weight gain in the control group were maximum. The changes in length over five days and six days among the three groups were statistically significant(H=9.04、8.05, P<0.05), height growth in enteritis group were minimum, the second is paired group and height growth in the control group were maximum. The levels of MPO in colon among the three groups were not statistically significant(P=0.584). The concentrations of calprotectin in plasma, liver tissue and feces among the three groups were not statistically significant(F=0.20~1.79, P>0.05). Plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1 among the three groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05), but plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1 in enteritis group tended to decrease.Conclusions: Mild intestinal inflammation affects the body’s weight and length growth, especially the growth of body length, which may be associated with the plasma levels of GH and IGF-1 decreased. |
PDF Full Text Request