Associations Between Resting Heart Rates And Carotid Atherosclerosis And Chronic Kidney Disease In Middle And Advanced Aged Population

Objective:1.To explore the relationship between resting heart rates and detection rate of carotid artery plaques in middle and advanced aged population.2.To explore the relationship between high resting heart rates and the stability of carotid artery plaques in middle and advanced aged population.3.To explore the relationship between resting heart rates and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in middle and advanced aged population.Methods:During 2010-2011, a total of 5852 participants selected randomly from 101510 workers of Tangshan Kailuan Company were recruited in the study. The basic clinical condition, blood biochemical features and detections of urine protein were examined in all patients. Resting heart rates(RHR) were measured and carotid artery plaques were dectected. Estimated glomerular filtration rates(e GFR) were calculated by CKD-EPI equation. Logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the influential factors associated with carotid artery plaque, carotid artery stable and unstable plaque and chronic kidney disease.Results:1.There were 5280 participants aged(55.00 ±11.72) years old, including 3172 males and 2108 females.The detection rate of carotid artery plaque was compared in the study according to the RHR: <60(n=690), 60-69(n=1979), 70-79(n=1750), 80-89(n=599) and ≥ 90 beats/min(n=262). The detection rate of carotid artery plaque was47.39%, 39.67%, 40.40%, 47.08% and 55.73% respectively in the subjects with RHR<60, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and ≥ 90 beats/min. Compared with the participants with the RHR 60~69 beats/min,the risk of developing carotid plaques was increased by 67% in those with RHR ≥ 90 beats/min after adjusting all influencial factors.(OR 1.67;95% CI 1.20~2.31).2.There were 4894 participants aged 54.38 ± 11.47 years old,including 2945 males and 1949 females. All the subjects were divided into groups according to RHR, with<80 beats/min as low RHR group and ≥ 80 beats/min as high RHR group.The detection rates of carotid artery stable and unstable plaque were 20.6% and 19.1%in low RHR group versus 20.4% and 26.7% in high RHR group. Compared with low RHR group, the risk of the carotid artery unstable plaques increased to 29% in high RHR group after adjusting all influencial factors.(OR 1.29;95% CI 1.04~1.06).3. There were 5081 participants aged(55.119 ±11.78) years old, including 3115 males and 1966 females.The prevelence of chronic kidney disease was compared in the study according to the RHR: <60(n=690), 60-69(n=1979), 70-79(n=1750), 80-89(n=599) and ≥ 90 beats/min(n=262). The prevelence of chronic kidney disease was6.0%、7.8%、9.4%、13.7%and 19.2% respectively in the subjects with RHR<60,60-69, 70-79, 80-89 and ≥ 90 beats/min. The risk of chronic kidney disease for RHR70-79, 80-89 and ≥ 90 beats/min relative to RHR <60 beats/min were 1.69(95%CI 1.17~2.44),2.22(95% CI 1.48~3.34)and 3.33(95% CI 2.01~5.30)。Conclusions:1.The relationship between RHR and the detection rate of carotid plaque follows a J-shaped curve, and the RHR of more than 90 beats/min is an independent risk factor of carotid artery plaque in middle and advanced aged population.2.High RHR can increase the risk of carotid artery unstable plaque in middle and advanced aged population.3.Elevated RHR can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease in middle and advanced aged population.