Smell Disorders In Patients With Subjective And Objective Olfactory Function And The Evaluation Of The Quality Of Life

[Abstract] Objective To study the olfactory function test in Parkinson’s disease(PD), in order to promote the diagnosis of the PD. Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with IPD. We here report the association of OB volume and OS depth with olfactory function in patients with PD,Methods subjects included95middle-aged volunteers and37PD patients. A subjective olfactometry with T&T olfactometer was performed in all volunteers and patients. Olfactory event related potentials with isoamyl acetate were obtained in all volunteers and patients. Morphometric analyses by using MR imaging and the Japanese T&T olfactometer threshold test were used to evaluate olfactory structure and function in29patients with PD and29age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Results:The T&T olfactometer results for the2sides were4.6±1.1,1.4±1.2in PD patients older than70years old and3.9±1.7,4.0±1.7in those. respectively; while the data were0.4±0.9,0.4±0.9in volunteers older than70years, were0.5±0.8,0.5±0.8younger than70years old. There was a significant difference in T&T olfactometer results between PD and voluteers(t=15.246,15.378,8.664,8.776; P<0.01). The P2latencies were respectively(734.9±143.2) ms,(696.1±165.9)ms for the2sides in PD older than70years, and (730.5±159.4) ms,(719.5±159.2)ms in PD younger than70years; while they were(547.9±65.0) ms,(558.5±56.3)ms, and(523.3±61.9) ms,(526.8±62.0)ms in volunteers younger than70years. There was a significant difference in P2latency between PD and Volunteers (t=-3.940,-3.750,-7.514,-8.205,P<0.01). The olfactory recognition thresholds were significantly higher in patients with PD than in healthy controls (3.82±1.25versus0.45±0.65, P<.001). Olfactory atrophy with reductions in the volume of the OB (37.30±10.23mm3versus44.87±11.84mm3, P<0.05) and in the depth of OS (8.90±1.42mm versus9.67±1.24mm, P<0.05) was observed in patients with PD but not in controls. Positive correlations between olfactory performance and OB volumes were observed in both patients with PD (r=-0.45, P<0.0001) and in controls (r=-0.42, P<0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the depth of OS and olfactory function in either cohort. Conclusion:Olfactory dysfunction is an important index in PD. Olfactory function test is an useful method in the diagnosis of PD. The results provide evidence that early olfactory dysfunction in patients with PD may be a primary consequence of damage to the OB. Neuroimaging of olfactory structures together with the assessment of olfactory function may be used to identify patients with PD. Abstract Objective:To analyses the clinical characteristics of28chronic rhino-sinusitis patients only characterized olfactory disorders. Method: Twenty-eight patients who have only olfactory disorder were diagnosed chronicrhino-sinusitis, all the patients accepted intranasal budesonide for15days. All patients accepted CT scan, T&T test, and16patients accepted olfactory event-related potentials test before and after treatment. Results:①No difference was found between21patients (≤12months)and7patients (>12months)(P>0.05), significant difference was found between maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus in CT scan(P<0.01). There is not relationship between the T&T test and the Lund-Mackay (r=0.102、-0.043、-0.038、0.081、0.194、0.026and0.088, P=0.456、0.755、0.782、0.552、0.152、0.848and0.519).①Olfactory function improves after treatment(Z=-3.065、-5.363, P=0.002,0.000). There is significant difference between the two groups’T&T test improvement (Z=-1.992, P=0.046). There is relationship between T&T test and P2latency. Conclusion:①Chronic rhino-sinusitis patients who have only olfactory disorder were found;②Intranasal budesonide treatment could improve olfactory functions of chronic rhino-sinusitis’patients;③There is not relationship between the Lund-Mackay and the T&T test;④The objective olfactory function evaluation method relates the subjective method;⑤Short history patients’ olfactory function recovery easily. [Abstract] Objective To study the quality of life of patients suffered from olfactory dysfunction, and to investigate the SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF and QOD. Methods Concerning the items list by SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF and QOD and the results of T&T olfactory test and Odor Stick Identification Test. The samples includes104olfactory dysfunction patients and30normal person. Results:104patients of125completed the survey,30patients completed the survey before and after the treatment. The two-weeks test-retest reliability coefficients of QOD-P, QOD-QOL, QOD-VAS were0.802,0.797and0.468. The Cronbach’a coefficients of internal consistency reliability were0.473、0.814、0.882. There were not correlation between the QOD-P and SF-36(r=-0.094、-0.152、0.056、0.006、-0.176、-0.201、-0.113and-0.086); but there were significant correlation between the QOD-QOL QOD-VAS and SF-36(r=-0.393、-0.376、-0.273、-0.243、-0.356、-0.500、-0.411and-0.299;-0.373、-0.484、-0.288、-0.290、-0.463、-0.598、-0.577and-0.358)=There were not correlation between the QOD-P and WHOQOL-BREF(r=0.051、-0.041、0.030、-0.022、0.041、0.037and-0.043); there were significant correlation between the QOD-QOL、QOD-VAS and SF-36(r=-0.338、-0.311、-0.158、-0.333、0.172、-0.397、-0.281;-0.378、-0.356、 -0.184、-0.406、0.263、-0.393、-0.398)。There was significant difference in different olfactory function group in QOD-QOL (F=3.607, P=0.031), but not difference in QOD-P, QOD-VAS (F=0.145,1.751, P=0.865、0.179).There was significant difference between the two groups in QOD-P, QOD-QOL, QOD-VAS(t=2.852、5.975、8.526, P=0.005、0.000、0.000). The significant difference can be found in QOD-QOL;QOD-VAS of30patients who accepted treatment between before and after treatment (t=-4.047,4.139, P=0.000、0.000); but not found in QOD-P(r=-0.070, P=0.944). There was not correlation between the T&T and SF-36, WHOQOL-BREF (r=-0.190、0.027、-0.126、0.041、0.099、0.109、0.018、0.120、-0.033、0.178、0.133、0.063, P=0.054、0.784、0.203、0.684、0.322、0.275、0.860、0.226、0.744、0.072、0.181、0.528); and there was not correlation between Odor Stick Identification and SF-36、 WHOQOL-BREF (r=-0.005、0.148、-0.017、-0.106、-0.059、0.004、-0.081、0.030、-0.158、-0.147、-0.058, P=0.961、0.134、0.861、0.288、0.557、0.970、0.417、0.763、0.112、0.138、0.560).Conclusion:The olfactory dysfunction can influence the quality of olfactory dysfunction patient. The sf-36and WHOQOL-BREF were some suitable and effective, but not very sensitive for olfactory dysfunction patients. The Chinese-QOD was suitable and effective, the QOD-QOL was best, can apply in quality of life of olfactory dysfunction patients directly; but QOD-P, QOD-VAS need be adjusted for clinic practice.