Extraction Of Seed Oil And Seed Polysaccharides Of Allium Mongolicum Regel And Effection Of Reducing Blood Lipids

Allium mongolicum Regel, also named Mongolia Leek, belongs to the Allium of Liliaceae and perennial herb. It is a kind of natural wild drug-food herb in China and a kind of Mongolia drug (aerial parts) in Inner Mogolia due to its functions in stimulating appetite and anthelminthic. It is named mythic fugus in vegetable. The contents of fat and total sugar in Allium mongolicum Regel seeds are the highest. Allium mongolicum Regel seeds contain about 15.07%oil, in which approximate 90.37%is unsaturated fatty acids.The polysaccharide is dominated in total sugar, the content of polysaccharide is about 7.59%in Allium mongolicum Regel seeds. In this study, Supercritical CO2 extraction was used to extract oil from Allium Mongolicum Regel seed. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was applied to extract polysaccharides from Allium Mongolicum Regel seeds (AMRP) which were degreased by supercritical CO2 extraction, and to investigate the effects of the reduced blood ester of the Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharides on the high ester mice. The contents as follows:1. Optimization for Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Allium Mongolicum Regel Seed OilThe results showed that extraction pressure, temperature, and time have significant influences on the yield of Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil based on the results of the single-factor design. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for establishing the model of a second order quadratic equation for the extraction yield of Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil by supercritical CO2 extraction. The optimal parameters for the supercritical CO2 extraction determined by the regressive equation were pressure of 31.50MPa, temperature of 46.00℃, time of 101.60min,Under the optimized conditions, the predicted value of seeds oil extraction from Allium Mongolicum Regel was 15.07%, which was in consistent with the experimental values, it showed that the regressive equation fited the extraction process perfectly. It had maximal extraction yield of Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil with optimized technique parameters.2. The Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions and Physicochemical Properties of Allium Mongolicum Regel Seed OilThe fatty acid composition of Allium mongolicum Regel seed oil extracted by supercritical CO2 was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It showed that the seed oil of Allium mongolicum Regel contained 9 fatty acids, and the fatty acids were composed of 90.37%unsaturated fatty acids and 9.63%saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, linoleic acid (64.50%), oleic acid (19.28%) and palmitic acid (5.73%) were the main fatty acids in the Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acids 7-octadecenoic acid (2.84%) and 11-eicosenoic acid (2.17%), Polyunsaturated fatty acid 9,15-Octadecadienoic acid (1.57%) were found in seed oil of Allium mongolicum Regel. The main fatty acid compositions of Allium mongolicum Regel seed oil were similar with that of oil from Nigella glandulifera Freyn seed which was Uighur’s traditional medicine. Measured the physical and chemical properties of Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil with the conventional methods, the results showed that the oil extracted by supercritical CO2 was high purity and good quality.3. Optimization for Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Technology of Allium Mongolicum Regel seed PolysaccharidesThe Allium Mongolicum Regel seed after degreasing by supercritical CO2 extraction was used as the main raw material, Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Allium Mongolicum Regel seeds. The effects of the main variables namely:the solvent/solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time as well as the mutual interaction between variables were studied. The predicted value of polysaccharides was up to 7.59%under the conditions as follows:solvent/solid ratio 48.00:1, extraction temperature 73.10℃, extraction time 1.60h, which was in consistent with the experimental values. The conditions of deproteinization by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were optimized. TCA final concentration was about 5%, and precipitation time was 2h or longer.4. Speration, Purification and Structural Analysis of Allium Mongolicum Regel Seed PolysaccharidesThe crude AMRP was obtained through Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ethanol precipitation, and protein removed with TCA method from Allium Mongolicum Regel seeds which were degreased by supercritical CO2 extraction. The DEAE-Cellulose column was used to separate AMRP, and two AMRP components were obtained and respectively named AMRP-Ⅰand AMRP-Ⅱ. The Sephadex G-100 column was used to furter separate AMRP-Ⅰand AMRP-Ⅱ, One component was obtained from AMRP-Ⅰand four components were obtained from AMRP-Ⅱ. AMRP-Ⅰand AMRP-Ⅱwere analyzed structurally by gas chromatography (GC), infrared absorption spectrum (IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The results showed that the two polysaccharides were highly heterogeneous, AMRP-Ⅰwas mainly composed of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and inositol, AMRP-Ⅱwas mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, glucose and inositol. No characteristic absorption of nucleic acid or protein in AMRP-Ⅰand AMRP-Ⅱwas observed in their UV-vis spectrums. AMRP-Ⅰand AMRP-Ⅱexhibited characteristic IR absorption of polysaccharides.5. Studies on Reducing Blood Lipids Function of the Allium Mongolicum Regel Seed Oil and PolysaccharideTo investigate the effects of reducing blood lipids of the Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharides on the high blood lipids mice. KM mice were divided into five groups namely normal control group (NC), hyperlipidemia model group (HM), high-dose group (HD), middle-dose group (MD) and low-dose group (LD). The body weight and viscera coefficient of mice were tested. The concentration of serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), arteriosclerosis indes (AI), malondildehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxidedismutase (SOD), glutaathione perioxidase (GSH-PX) were analysed after 35 days. The Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharides showed significantly the reducing blood lipids, and the body weight and viscera coefficient of mice were lessened. The contents of TG and TC were significantly lower than that before the experiment (P<0.01), and the level of the LDL-C was also lower (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The level of the HDL-C in the two interference groups was all evidently higher than that before the experiment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). AI of mice in the two interference groups was all obviously lower than the hyperlipidemia model group (P<0.01). It can be concluded that the Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharides regulate the lipids metabolism in mice effectively, reduce the accumulation of lipids in body. The Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharided could reduce the content of MDA of serum (p<0.05), increase the activity of SOD (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and GSH-PX (P<0.01). It can be concluded that the Allium Mongolicum Regel seed oil and polysaccharides could promote the activities of endogenous anti-oxidation enzymes and reduce the level of peroxidation in body, which attribute to the effect of preventing AS.