Astudy Of Primary And Middle Schools’distribution Adjustment Mode And School Building’s Space Plan On Loess Plateau County

At the end of20th century， China had attained the goals of making nine-yearcompulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy amongyoung and middle-aged adults， which increased the opportunity of enrollment forstudents， reduced the inter-region difference on education leve， and boostededucational equity. But with the rapid development of social economy， theimprovement of the people’s living standard and more intense employmentcompetition，people have more expectations of education，and more demands for highquality education. People pay more and more attention on education structurecharacterized by regional differences，urban-rural differences，inter-school differencesand educatee differences， and education developing unbalance resulting from which.Since the implementation of "compulsory education" on Loess Plateau region， wehave made a great achievement on the reform and development of compulsoryeducation， which provides a strong educational support to social and economicdevelopment. At the same time， with the accelerated urbanization， populationmobility，the peak-valley alternative number of school-age population，the demand ofhigh-quality educational resources and other factors，the mode of “every villiage has tobuild primary schools， and each country must have high schools” has been chaged. Atthe same time a considerable number of primary and middle schools of country level aredismantled and combined. Therefore these good quality buildings in primary and middleschools are facing the problem of functional integration and spatial reuse.This paper, using the theories and methods from education, sociology, urbanplanning, architecture, urban and rural harmonious and so on, choosing the Loess Plateau as a background study area, combs out from three aspects: the administrativedivisions, the macro-topography and the population size, thus clarifies the selected223counties in7provinces as the key objects of study. Due to the fact that differentclassification methods have varied influence on the emphasis and comprehensiveness ofthe research content, and the limit of research time and energy, the graphic region of theLoess Plateau in this thesis will be restricted to three region, namely the loess hilly andgully region, the loess gully plateau region and the plain and river valley. The paper isbased in Shaanxi and focuses on three types, which are loess hilly and gully regionsmall-scale counties, loess gully plateau region medium-scale counties and plain andriver valley large-scale counties. Yan’an county C, Tongchuan county T and Xianyangcounty Q are selected as samples. The related data sampling, questionnaires, empiricalresearch are also based on this. The main contents include the following three aspects:A. Considering the specialty of54counties on Loess Plateau in Shaanxi, throughthe interpretation of the current national standard of planning and construction ofprimary and middle school and middle schools teaching conditions standard in7provinces on Loess Plateau, the paper approves and optimizes the size of the schoolelements and scope of services, and gives the guideline on normative infrastructures ofprimary and middle schools. Fully considering the connect to the primary and middleschool layout adjustment and the overall plans of urban and rural, and the important roleof campus culture extension, according to the nine types of school on Loess Plateau, thepaper uses the strategies of status reserved, changed (expanded) construction site,selected new address, revoked and amalgamated some schools to support the layout ofprimary and middle schools.B. Based on educational equity theory， scale economy theory and overallplanning theory， and considering the content of primary and middle schools layouts，the paper points out the target of layout adjustment mode from the comprehensive，economic， social and spatial dimension. And based on the administrative structure andschool-level composition， the paper discusses the four layout adjustment modes ofprimary and middle schools-congregation point axial mode， multi-pole mode andcross-network mode， and analyses from three aspects-mode interpretation， spatialdistribution and empirical research， and finally puts forward the future trends- congregation network mode.C. Third, the paper shows the importance of school building’s space plan to theimplementation of layout adjustment on Loess Plateau County. By analyzing thefunctional composition, the paper concludes and analyses the four principles andmethods on the base of spatial integration and architectural theories, and puts forwardthree types of campus space-continuation, superposition and displacement, from thepattern features, problems, optimization strategies and empirical research.To sum up, the paper, basing on the Loess Plateau county characteristics,considering the school size, scope of service, school facilities and other elements,proposes the layout adjustment modes and school space programs which are moresuitable for different types of primary and middle schools on Loess Plateau. The paperis to provide theory and practical guide on improving utilization of education resources,achieving the target of high quality and equal education and narrowing education gapbetween urban and rural areas. Meanwhile, the paper offers a good reference to thelayout adjustment modes of primary and secondary schools and school building’s spaceplan in the other parts of the county on the Loess Plateau.