A Study On Community Participation Of The Natural Reserves Along The Ussuri River Under The Background Of Social Governance

For half a century, the natural reserves in China has gone through a developing course from simple to complex. However, there are many quality problems hidden behin the devel-opment, among which the management of the natural reserves is very prominent. Under the traditional top-down management pattern, the contradiction between the natural reserves and the communities in society becomes more and more complex. Under this conditions, the involvement of the communities was put forward by the scholars, and has gained the widespread concerns of the government. At this time, the chinese government advocates the innovative social management system, and the value of putting people first, therefore, it is necessary to develop a and pursue a goal of the sustainable development of the natural reserves and the communities, which is the direction of furure natural reserves management pattern. The Ussuri River is the border between Russia and China. Effective management of the natural reserves along the Ussuri River is vital for the safety of ecology and homeland. As a result, this paper is meaningful both in practical sense.From 2010 to 2013, the author has gone to eighit natural reserves along the Ussuri River for research and study.The author has defined three communities which respectively located in Sanjiang nature reserve, Treasure Island nature reserve and Xingkai Lake natural reserves as research objects. The research analyzes the participation condition of the three communities according to the sense-attitude-behaviors. On this basis, the reseatch structure and verify the Structural-Equation-Modeling. The foundings are as follows:(1) There are similarities and dissimilarities between the residents of three natural reserves in the sensation, attitude and behaviors. On the whole,people hold netural and possitive attitude towards the natural reserves, but their actual participation is not enough. (2)The attitude of the community residents has certain effect on their behaviors, which is achieved by the sensation towards the natural reserves. The opportunity to participation is the biggest variable.This paper further study the difficulty of the community participation of this natural reserve and study why the participation opportunity is the biggest variable to the community involvement and what limits the lack of participation. The four parts of system, organization, culture and quality of the residents are analysed. The foundings are:(1) The exsiting participation system is not perfect, making it difficult for the residents to take part. Besides, the lack of system result in the difficulty of commnuity participation becoming a long-term management pattern. (2) The organization of the natural reserves along the Ussuri River is not strong, therefore, the ability and opportunity of community participation are limited. (3) Culturally, the awareness and public spirit of the residents in the Ussuri River is weak, and the traditional culture still affects the management institutions, thus limiting the community participation. (4) The cultural quality and the knowledge of the residents is not strong,and the ability of public participation is weak, and the social status of the residents is low, all this limit the community participation.The community participation of the natural reserves along the Ussuri River is studied by the Game Theory. The stakeholders including the local government, farmers and management institutions are analysed and the foundings are:(1) If the best strategy is exploration and compensation in a proper way, then the local government should increase the image cost and decrease the cost of participating in the resourses conservation. (2) The management system of the natural resourses should be optimized, and the functions of the management sectors should be clarified, if the management institutions wants to promo to the community participation. (3) If the residents want the benefits maximization, they must enhance their participation.In conclusion, this paper proposes the methods to increaseing the community participation in the natural reserves from the perspectives of system, culture, and the people by combining with the research results and the demands of legalization of the social governance, the democracy of the conception.