A Study On Community Participation In Ecotourism Models In Tibet Gongbu Nature Reserve

Nature reserves have unique and rich ecotourism resources,and residents of surrounding communities rely on local resources to participate in ecotourism development.Different community participation models affect community empowerment,resulting in different levels of participation and unprotected community interests.The reason for this is the different empowerment status of community residents under different community participation models.Therefore,research on community participation in ecotourism models from the perspective of community empowerment is the best way to protect the direct interests of community residents.In view of this,in order to encourage community residents living in nature reserves to participate in ecotourism operation and management,to realize the sustainable development of ecotourism and the revitalization and development of ethnic communities simultaneously,and to improve the unity and stability of ethnic areas,it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of community participation models to improve the empowerment of community residents in tourism.This paper summarizes the community participation in ecotourism in Gongbu Nature Reserve and the development of ecotourism in Gongbu Nature Reserve by using in-depth interview method and questionnaire survey method.Using community participation theory,empowerment theory and sustainable development theory,and drawing on the tourism empowerment framework and empowerment indicators proposed by previous authors,an ecotourism empowerment evaluation system covering six dimensions of political empowerment,economic empowerment,social empowerment,psychological empowerment,cultural empowerment and environmental empowerment and 29 measurement indicators was constructed.The entropy value method is used to calculate the weights of each indicator and dimension,and on this basis,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to calculate the empowerment status scores of each dimension and the comprehensive evaluation scores of community residents under the two existing models of community participation in ecotourism in Gongbu Nature Reserve.Then,we compare and analyze the empowerment status and community participation status of the two models,and optimize the community participation ecotourism model in Gongbu Nature Reserve.Finally,from the perspective of community empowerment,the six dimensions of empowerment are used to propose countermeasures for the development of community participation in ecotourism in Gongbu Nature Reserve.The main conclusions drawn from this study:(1)There are two main community participation models in Gongbu Nature Reserve: the first community-led model;the second is the tourism company-led model.(2)The study found that the empowerment evaluation score of community-led model 1 is 4.5374 and that of tourism company-led model 2 is 3.9242.In terms of empowerment status,community-led model 1 is better than tourism company-led model 2,and the community-led community participation model is more applicable to Gongbu Nature Reserve at this stage.(3)Combining the results of the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of community empowerment of model 1 and model 2,the optimization model is proposed on the existing model of community participation in ecotourism in Gongbu Nature Reserve: the participation model of government+community+tourism company+community residents.(4)Propose countermeasures for community participation in ecotourism development from the six dimensions of community empowerment.