The Research Of Human Disturbance Factors’ Influence On Ecological Safety Of Tarim Economic Circle Tarim Economic Gircle

Ecological safety has become the basic problem that is discussed and concerned in the world today. Social progress, economic development and effective operating mechanism of ecosystem are affected by ecological safety problems. With the development of social economy, the problem of ecological safety is increasingly becoming high-profile in the world. Ecosystem service function declines gradually, ecological carrying capacity reduces year by year, environment worsens, which shows the bottleneck effect of ecological safety problem on social development. With the rapid growth of population and the further increase of demand on natural resources, human threats to ecological safety can no longer be reversed, and different ecological systems respond to these interferences. This in turn impacts national security, national defense security and economic security.Tarim economic circle includes the area between the south side of Tangri mountain and Konlun mountain. Geographical coordinates are between east longitude 71°39’—93°45’ and Northern latitude34°20’—43°39’. Total area is 106×104km2,64% of Xinxiang’s total area. The economic circle around the Tarim basin and desert of the Taklimakan, of which the basin area is 53×104km2, including 1400km long from east to west and 550km long from south to north, is biggest basin in our country, while the occupied desert of the Taklimakan, the biggest desert in the center of China, is 33.76×104 km2,1000km long from east to west and 400km long from south to north. The plain oasis in front of mountain is only 19.24×104km2, occupying 18.23% of the economic circle total area. The land form divides into desert, mountains and barren land, however, plant cover area is very scarce, amounting to total area’s 20%. The population altogether is 10.6069 million,47.5% of Xinjiang, and is basically gathered on the oasis. The circle is inland and ecological system is very complicated and fragile.In the recent years, with economic development, especially, under the promote strategy of the development of west region and great-leap-forward development, the Tarim economic circle has changed to increase People’s living standard, however, the disturbance of humans to ecological safety increase at the same time. As a result, the change between humans and ecological environment happened. In other words, the ecological safety tend to deteriorate, with sand storms happening frequently, the source of water descending year by year, semi-arid region changing into arid region, appear neoplasm, natural plant cover shrinking and climate warming.etc.There has not been research about the disturbance of humans influence on ecological security for the Tarim economic circle till now. Most of the researches come from geography, that tend to search for only a local environment change or biological change, by theory combined with actual, searching to the ecological system change and human activity disturbing the ecological security, point out human disturbance that caused the problem of ecological security. In this research, by using various methods and testing, the change of ecosystem for economic circle is analyzed, then the strength of impact of human activity for ecosystem in the Tarim economic circle is calculated. The results of research includes:(1) During the years, the land usage, climate and water source of Tarim basin have obviously changed. Specifically that:cultivated land tends to be expanding. from 1990 to 2010, cultivated land expands to 8749.54 km2, growth of 3.15% a year; forest land and grassland tended to shrink too, which are respectively 1460.49 km2 and 5848.51 km2. At the same time; the land of constructing tends to expand, at 5408.90 km2 in 2010, more than 24094.09 km2 in 1990, a growth of 3.11% a year. the source of water change is outstanding. Run off of Tarim river tends to decrease year by year. Running water is 51.59×108m3·a-1 between 1961-1969 year, but running water out of the mouth of mountain is 189.0×108m3·a-1 for the same period., However, running water of river is 46.35×108m3·a-1 in 2006, while running water out of the mouth of mountain is 217×108m3·a-1, more than 189.0×108m3·a-1 at the same time.Climate warming is obvious too. Since 45 years later, The temperature is higher than world average degree on the Tarim economic circle, which increased 0.8 ℃～1.4℃, and autumn climate warming is more obvious than other seasons, which rise 1.3℃ compared to before.(2) The human disturbance leads to the spatial change of ecological environment for the Tarim economic circle. The result of analysis includes:By using the comprehensive method the strength of human disturbance for Tarim economic circle from 1990 to 2010 is analyzed. the human disturbance in the Tarim economic circle is moving into the northwest step by step, and the human disturbance gathered around the county of Kashi in the three regions and autonomous state of Southern Xinjiang is moving to Hetian city. At the same time, the strength of that expanded daily. Furthermore, the negative effects to ecological system were also gradually presented:the desert expanding year by year, the ratio of plant cover descending, the non point of pollution increasing, and water shortages continue to emerged.(3)The ecological footprint and ecological deficit tend to increase for the Tarim economic circle. The ecological footprint from 1.571 per ha in 2000 increased to 4.848 per ha till 2013, ecological deficit continue to increase, from 0.38 per ha increased to 3.67 per ha to in the same period. Through using the methods of ecological footprint analyzing the ecological disturbance of human but ecological capacity keeping unchanging, Based on the result above, using the method of grey incidence analyze the ecological deficit until 2020.(4)The human factors excessively disturbs the Tarim economic circle, and exceeded the restoring ability of ecosystem.To assess the ecological safety warning and ecological footprint,and ecological deficit for the Tarim economic circle, the result showed that the ecological deficit will be 7.388 per ha in 2020, which indicated that the dangers of human activities to the ecosystem will be further expanded in the Tarim economic circle, the strength of human disturbance exceeded the warning line of ecological capacity.Finally, based on the research result, purpose to the excessively disturbance of humans controlling suggestion, Therefore, we must insist on the sustainable development strategy under the guidance, combined with the local ecological system service function, planning as a whole with different regional economic development, discrimination ecosystem function area and Economic Development Zone, development and construction in different way. The serious vulnerable area of ecological system, the system barrier zone, nature reserves must be avoided to development and construction, and more attention should be paid to the maintenance of ecological system. The rapid growth of population should be controlled to ensure the safety of ecosystem and to prevent the ecological system from the inhibition caused by population. In addition, residents should be prompt to afforest and return farmland to forest vegetation to expand the scale of plants, to promote sand fixing, to avoid constructing in ecological barrier area, farmland, wetland landscape area, and to prevent further destruction of ecosystem.