Study On The Germplasm Resources Of Three Genera Fruit Trees From Caprifoliaceae In Changbai Mountain

There are many ornamental or afforested uses in the main fruit trees resources of Lonicera, Viburnum and Sambucus. Their fruits have some medicinal and edible value, and their development prospects are very wide. Although the resources are very rich, three genera resources are destroyed gradually with living environment changed and the disadvantage of man-made factors. In order to collect and protect the resources of three genera of Caprifoliaceae in Changbai Mountain, and exploit and utilize them, some works will to be done, such as resource investigation, morphology observation of pollen and seeds by scanning electron microscopy, analysis of amino acids and volatile substances in fruits and germplasm resources preservation by plant tissue culture. The main results for this study are as follows:1. The morphological characteristics observations suggested that the branch, flower, leaf, fruit and seed were all different, and the difference was clear between genera and species. But it was different obviously between Viburnum sargentii Koehne and Viburnum burejaeticum Regel et Herder. These characteristics could be used as the basis of the shape classification between genera and species. The result showed that there were differences in the varieties, fruit character and fruiting on the bearing base shoots by Surveying the biological characters of ten kinds of varieties of Lonicera caerulea L. The comprehensive traits was excellent about Berel, and it was suitable for extending cultivation in Changchun.2. Pollen and seeds exine sculpture of three genera were multifarious under scanning electron microscope. The plants of three genera had single grain pollen. Pollen of Lonicera had four aperture with quadrangle on equatorial view. It had three aperture in pollen of Viburnum and Sambucus, and the equatorial view was three crack round. The ornamentation of Viburnum burejaeticum Regel et Herder was irregular, which was different from pollen morphological characteristics of others. Cluster analyzing result showed that pollen could use to be as a better basis for identifying relationships between genera and species in Caprifoliaceae.3. The analysis results indicated that there were 17 kinds of amino acids with different contains in fruits of three genera by using the automatic amino acid analyzer. The ratio of content and taste threshold of histidine in fruits of Sambucus was greater than 1, and basic equal to 1 about Lonicera caerulea L and Viburnum sargentii Koehne. And the rests were less than 1. The ratio of content and taste threshold of glutamic acid and aspartic acid were all greater than 1 significantly in all of the fruits. Most of the fruits had bitter and sour flavor characteristics. It was accord with ideal arrange of essential amino acids basically in fruits of Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel, Lonicera caerulea L, etc. In the fruits of Lonicera maackii Maxim and Sambucus, the perentage was less than 40% between the rate of essential amino acids and total amino acids. So their nutrition collocation were unreasonable with low edible value.It was insufficient to isoleucine, methionine and cystine relatively because the ratio coefficient amino acid of were less than 1. On the contrary, Phenylalanine and tyrosine were relative surplus. As the ratio coefficient amino acid were close to 1, it was moderate for Valine, leucine, and threonine. The first limited amino acid was the sum of methionine and cystineand in fruits of Sambucus and Viburnum, and it was lysine in Lonicera maackii Maxim, Lonicera ruprechtiana Regel and Vasjuganskaya. Lonicera caerulea L. The first limited amino acid were threonine and isoleucine in fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. and Berel. Besides Sambucus, the amino acid ratio coefficient were all more than 70% about the fruits, which showed that the nutritional value of the fruits were more higher relatively.4. The volatile components were studied in fruits of three genera of Caprifoliaceae by using the Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction coupled to the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that it existed diversity on most of types and contents of volatile substances in the fruits. There were alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in three kinds of fruits of Lonicera L. Some substances contents were higher relatively in fruits of Lonicera maackii Maxim, such as aldehydes, ketones and terpenes. There were esters, aldehydes, ketones in fruits of Lonicera caerulea L. It had little volatile oil components in Lonicera Praeflorens Batal. Linalool was the same volatile aromatic matter in Viburnum sargentii Koehne and Taejnie rubini. Also in fruit of Viburnum burejaeticum Regelet Herder, there were terpene compounds, aldehydes, ketones, etc. It contained many volatile compounds in Sambucus, and there was alkane material in it also. In addition, mass fraction of tetradecane was very high in fruit of Sambucus coreana.5. Taking parts species of three genera as test material, a series of experiments were carried out, such as sterilization time of explants, basic medium, types and concentration of plant hormones about multiplication and rooting of plantlet in vitro by using plant tissue culture technology. The results showed that the advisable sterilization time was 8 minutes for stem with apical buds, and 10 minutes for stems. Under the same multiplication culture conditions, growth performance of all plantlets was more better in MS medium than in the other basic mediums. Naphthalene acetic acid could produce a large number of callus in base of plantlets, which would adverse to the growth and differentiation with low proliferation coefficient. Appropriate multiplication formula was added gibberellin(0.4 mg/L), 6- benzyl amino adenine(2.0 mg/L) and Indole butyric acid(0.2 mg/L) in MS medium. It was suitable for root induction in 1/2 MS medium + 1.0 mg/L Indole butyric acid. In the process of the culture, pollution phenomenon occured easily in plantlets of Sambucus and it was difficult to be controlled. Contrast to the other plantlets, it was more higher on the proliferation, growth and rooting ability of Berel and Lonicera Praeflorens Batal, which was beneficial to propagate the germplasm resources.