Study On Paris Resources Based On Microidentification And Pollen Sterility In Sichuan Province

The genus Paris Linn.(Trilliaceae) represented an enormous and cosmopolitan of nearly 26 species displaying a remarkable range of variation.Some scholars thought it belonged to Liliaceae.Paris had undergone marked species radiations in tropic and temperate zones, mainly distributing in China.There were almost 20 species,12 variations,2 formas in China,distributing in most areas especially the southwest regions.There were 12 species in Sichuan province according to the last research.The plant shape of genus Paris was unique.They were important chinese medicine and significant for phylogenetic research of angiosperm.As the well-established traditional chinese herb,Paris was first described in "shin-nong Bonchokyeong" and was classified as inferior grade with the effective treatment of antipyretic,analgesia,antidote and acute nephritis.Modern clinical and pharmacological research showed Paris had the antitumor, stop bleeding,immunity adjustment,antimicrobial pharmacological activities.Owing to its long-term overexploitation,the wild resource of Paris,as well as its specific and genetic diversity,decreased rapidly in recent years.Today the medicinal production was in serious difficulty owing to the shortage of Paris resources.In order to establish basis for evaluating and using the resources of genus Paris in Sichuan province further,We investigated the resources of genus Paris in Sichuan province, analysed their microidentification characteristics and pollen sterility.The main results were shown as follows:(1) According to the investgation and identification,14 species and 7 varieties Paris L. species in Sichuan were reported.Most species had medicial use except P.bashanensis and P.verticillata.P.undulate and P.polyphylla var.emeiensis were unique species of Sichuan province.Liangshan and Leshan area were the distribution center of Sichuan province.The distribution of genus Paris was affected by alti.Most species distributed in humid and fertile,neutral or acid soil under the evergreen broad-leaved forests,bamboo forests and shrub forests.The above species and varieties include P.polyphylla var. chinensis and P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The population size had decreased shaarply. Artificial factors were the essential reasons which resulted in this species vulnerable status and the species should be protected immediately.(2) The characteristics of 8 species and 4 varieties of Paris from different area were observed and analyzed.The microidentification of underground rhizomes of different species were almost consistent.Endophyte infection were found in underground rhizomes of all species except P.axialis,P.delavayi,P.polyphylla,P.bashanensis,P.delavayi var.petiolata.Vascular bundle of genus Paris were amphivasal bundle except P. bashanensis and P.cronauistii.Their vascular were hadrocentric bundle.Their roots were composed of the epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder.Raphide and starch grain were not found in roots of all species.Ground stems were composed of the epidermis,cortex and vascular cylinder.Raphides were found in the stem of P.delavayi only.The study showed that the leaves of all species of genus Paris were dorsi-ventral leaf,raphides were found in leaves of all species except P.bashanensis.Palisade parenchyma were composed of 4-5 layers of cylindrical cells of P.mairei,P.bashanensis and P.luquanensis.It might be connected with their habitat.There were some connections between leaf sickness and plant height.We infered that the rahides might be connected with the distribution of different species of genus Paris.(3) The pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities of 14 species of gunus from different area were observed and analyzed.Results indicated that the pollen viabilities of 14 species of genus Paris were lower than 50%except P.cronauistii.The pollen viabilities of P. cronauistii could reach 52%.The pollen life of all 14 species were lower than 14 days.The pollen life of P.axialis was the longest,13 days.The pollen life of P.undulate was relatively short,only 3 days.Stigma of P.thibetica and P.bashanensis had no viability all time.However,stigma receptivities of P.delavayi,P.delavayi var.petiolata and P. polyphylla were always higher.When the pollen viability of P.maire,P.forresti,P.axialis, P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis and P.polyphylla var.chinensis were relatively high,the stigma receptivity of them were high also.The connection of their pollen viability and stigma receptivity were tightly.Otherwise,this connection of P.cronauistii,P.undulate and P.fargesii var.brevipetalata were loose.The effects of calcium,zinc and molybdenum on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Paris polyphylla vat.stenophylla were investingated and observed.The results indicated that calcium suppressed the pollen germination and pollen tube.When the concentration of zinc was very high,the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube was inhibited.When the concentration of zinc was very low,it had no influence on the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube. When the concentration of zinc was proper concentration,the pollen germination and pollen tube growth was accelerated.When the concentration of molybdenum was very high,the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube was inhibited.When the concentration of molybdenum was proper concentration,the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube was accelerated.When the concentration of molybdenum was very low,it had no influence on the pollen germination and the growth of pollen tube.