Technology Research And Integrated Application Of Topographic Mapping Representation Based On Geographical Database Driven

Topographic map is a kind of media representing fundamental geographical information in most intuitive way. It is widely used in national economy and national defense construction. Users in all walks of life need symbolized cartographic maps in digital or paper media other than a variety of updated geographic information data, especially the nationwide1:50000Topographic map. During the past long period, national topographic maps at the scale of1:50000,1:250000,1:1000000were updated very slowly due to the technical condition limitations and the level of past economic development constraints. The majority of these maps were made or revised during the period of1970-1990, the contents are very obsolete. However, most users require that maps are able to be updated each year, even several months. Obviously, the current maps cannot meet of the demands of the rapid economic developments in China and are urged to be updated.It has been recognized that traditional technical processing efficiency of topographic map production is relatively low and can not efficiently support the corresponding fast updating due to the fact of dependent on stereo images or revision with larger scale topographic maps, including too many handling steps and heavy manual work. With the gradual development of the construction and updating of national fundamental geographic database, national1:1000000,1:250000,1:50000geographical database have been built, and then1:500001:250000database were updated respectively in the year of2011and2013. Based on these achievements, dynamic update is performed to realize updating and publishing a version annually. There is no doubt, the basic geographic database with the good up-to-dateness, high reliability and fast updating speed provides the necessary updating data sources. However, due to the lack of corresponding technical support, topographic cartographic map update production has not yet been carried out, the up-to-dateness is far worse than the fundamental geographic database. Therefore, it has been become an urgent task to upgrade the technique of cartographical mapping and updating.In the face of the present contradiction between the map production and updating techniques and the requirement of the development of surveying and mapping geographic information, first of all, this dissertation researches theoretically on the depth of topographic mapping technology driven by geographical database from the perspective of mapping mechanism, establishes a serials of rules including intelligent map symbolization driven by multi-sources, intelligent annotation placement based on attributes and intelligent map decoration driven by metadata. After that, based on the storage model and rules for fast topographic mapping driven by database, a topographic mapping and management system is developed, consisting of several core modules including COM based cartographic symbol subsystem, rare character font, management module, production end module and quality control module. The system has been applied successfully in national1’.50000topographic mapping project. The main work and contributions of the dissertation is outlined as follows:(1) The data model of the fundamental geographic database driven topographic mapping and expression mechanism is reached, a new spatial data model for1:50000fundamental geographic database is developed by integrating cartographic database. The mapping expression information and rules are added into the database attributes and the expression of geographic elements of the geometry of the object location, attribute, topology relation and mapping are integrated into one same database through physical of fundamental geographic database expansion, logic reorganization, association, in accordance with the requirements of national basic topographic map schema specification,(2) A series of rules of1:50000fundamental geographic database driven cartographic rules are created, including symbol configuration, note, map decoration configuration, graphics configuration conflict detection and configuration optimization, quality inspection rules of multi-source drive. Using these rules, the degree of automation of producing topographic maps by topographic fundamental geographic database updates can be improved greatly.(3) Cartographic database can be established through edited cartographic data load automatically into the fundamental geographic database and reconstruct the corresponding relationship with the geographic features. The new database not only contains all the content of geographic database, and also has redefined the mapping rules of expression and realize the close integration of geographic database and cartographic database.(4) Linkage updating techniques are explored based on the integration of storage model of cartographic database with geographic database. The close relations between geographic features and cartographic features can be captured and updated at the reality level, symbol level and annotation level. With the support of this mechanism, through the incremental updating information of geographic database, incremental and fast updating of cartographic database can be performed by automatic identification of cartographic data, automatic matching of map representation and automatic and interactive tools.(5) According to the need of national1:50000topographic mapping project, the national1:50000topographic mapping production and management system is designed, realized and applied in the project. In the integrated database environment, many functions are performed very well, including the smart allocation of map annotation, optimization processing of map symbols, man-machine interactive editing, automatic processing of map decoration, automatic detection of map symbol conflict and automatic checking of data quality. The new system support the fast map production and updating using national1:50000fundamental geographic database.