| Tunyun basin, Located in the Tuoyun town in north of Wuqia connty, lies in thenorthwest border of China. It belongs to Tuoyun intermontane sag plot of the fold beltof South Tianshan Mountains, Tianshan fold system.It is adjacent to Kyrgyzstan on thenorth, and Is bounded to the Wuqia fault fracture on the south, Talas Fergana faultfracture is the Western border of Tunyun basin, on the northeast, it border withKuokeshaleling plot. The encrustation, the clastic landform, the volcano and lavalandform constitutes the key geological heritage landscape in Tunyun basin. Thegeological heritages are characterized with diverse types, large number,typical andunique.It has the representativeness in Tianshan intermontane basin with high aestheticvalue,research value and science popularization value.Based on the comprehensive, systematic survey and analysis, the classificationsystem of the geological heritage landscape is established by the classification methodof “discipline—genesis—other properties”, the characteristics of geological heritageare analyzed, the formation and evolution of different geological relics were studiedwith the comprehensive analysis of the tectonic setting, geologic feature, basinevolution and the co action of internal-external agency, especially the agency inalluvium period,and the same time, the formation and evolution mode of various typesof geological heritage landscape are constructed. Comprehensive evaluation for basingeological heritage landscape is conducted by comparative advantage analysis ofsimilar geological heritage, qualitative evaluation and semi-quantitative evaluationwith the combining of univariate and multivariate.Through the above analysis and research, the main results and conclusions aremade as below.1． with a Tianshan intermontane basin as an object, the paper identified sevenmain types(including geologic profile, geologic feature, landform landscape, waterlandscape, mineral and deposit, environmental geological heritage) of geologicalheritage landscape, eleven types, fifteen subtype and seventeen genre from the morethan130geological heritage landscapes. 2． Structural features of geological heritage are expounded from the structuralnature, scale and so on; The features of travertine sinter landscape are analyzed fromphysical properties, chemical properties, geomorphology; From the type, distribution,size, shape, color, origin and other aspects,the characteristics clasolite landscape aresummarized, characteristics of volcanic lava landscape were studied systematicallyfrom the type, distribution, topography, chemical characteristics.3． The formation and evolution of Tuoyun basin is the base of geological heritagelandscapes, the formation and evolution of the basin began in late hercynian movement,and early Indo-China movement, it is always associated with the plate dynamicmechanism, tectonic movement and west Tianshan orogenic evolution. The evolutionof basin includes6periods, including the formation period of Tuoyun embryonicbasin （P2—T3）, the formation period of Tuoyun faulted basin （J1—J2）, theabortion period of Tuoyun faulted b asin （J3—K2）, the formation period of Tuoyunreconstructed basin （E1）, the formation period of Tuoyun sag-faultedbasin （E2—N2）, the formation period of Tuoyun quaternary landforms（Q）.atlast，the paper constrcted “iterative squeezing——pulling apart” pattern aboat plate motion inprocess of basin evolutionary, and “fluctuation interlacing” pattern aboat basin evolutionary.4． Based on the the high-angle thrusting Turgart faults, silurian carbonate strata,karstification, temperate continental climate and suitable geomorphological conditions,The travertine sinter landscape has gone through four stages, such as meltwater orprecipitation, the storage and transporting of the groundwater in crushed zone, theformation of karst water in crushed zone，at last the formation of travertine sinterlandscape. Accompanied by orogenic uplifting and polygenic basin sagging and faultdepression, the sedimentary strata in Tuoyun basin formed by receiving depositionconstantly. Then, many faulted structure, folded structure and jointing developedbecause of Plates squeezing, these structures affect the development of river, whichdetermine the direction and extent of water erosion in the process of formation andevolution of clastic landforms. In addition, the main Winds are westerly wind andeasterly wind in Tuoyun basin, which created the conditions for shaping of clasticlandscapes and micro-landscapes, such as stone pillars, mushrooms, shiwo, rockcavities and pictographic landscape. Tuoyun volcanic magma originated inmetasom atic concentration earth mantle in intraplate orogenic belt，because of thedelamination beneath the lithosphere on the east of talas-fergana fault, the magmatismhappened characterized by convection, during this period, local pullapart of strike-slipthrust, which resulted from plates squeezing, led to magmatic exhalation. After a long period of geologic process, especially the weathering, epigene action(such as windaction, stream action) in the Quaternary, the volcan landform evolved into geologicalheritage landscapes mainly including lava neck, caldeira, lava plateau, stony rise andlava sheet.5. Compared with domestic famous travertine landscape—Huanglong, Suyueketravertine sinter formed near the fault zone, it consists of many travertine sinter shoalyland and has the characteristics with big quantity, small area, the relative concentrationdistribution and the diversity of colors, the outgassing phenomenon of springs is typical.Compared with the yardang landform in other regions of Xinjiang, the cleuch landformin region of interest is very typical, the type of secondary microrelief is diverse, thecolors are rich, yardang landform and Lava landscape formed the combination oflandscapes. Compared with China’s famous Danxia landforms, the Danxia landform inTuoyun basin lies in caldeira, which is a strange phenomenon. Compared with the5famous volcanic cluster in China, the volcanic landform in Tuoyun basin isrepresentative caenozoic era lava landscape in Xinjiang even in China.6． The qualitative evaluation of geological heritage in Tuoyun basin showedthat， the geological heritage landscape has a higher typicality in nonparallel, scale,tenor and combination of landscapes, it has high scientific value and aesthetic value. Byquantitative evaluation,12geological heritage landscapes are rated A (national),82arerated B (provincial),41are rated C (Municipal). |
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