Rapid Loss Assessment For Earthquake Disaster Using Seismic Spatial Information Grid

Earthquake is a sudden natural disaster that seriously endangers the safety of people’s lives and property. China is one of the countries where earthquake disasters occur most frequently and the damage are most serious. Rregions which are in and above6degree of the basic intensity account for about79%of the national territory. It’s particularly important to strengthen the theory and technology in the fields of earthquake disasters prediction, damage assessment, rescue and reconstruction to minimize the earthquake disaster loss. However, humans haven’t accurately predicted each earthquake so far. Therefore, rapid and accurate assessment on earthquake disaster after earthquake is an effective way to reduce the risk of disasters and is also a foundation of post-disaster rescue.Over the past30years, China has achieved fruitful research results in the field of earthquake disaster loss assessment, built abundant assessment model and established a relatively perfect indicator system of earthquake field. However, there are still some problems in current earthquake disaster loss assessment system:the assessment method based on field investigation spends a lot of human power and material resources and the evaluation takes too long to respond to the requirements of rapid assessment; the assessment method based on GIS taking the entire stricken region as a whole assessment area lacks in considering the uneven space-time distribution of damage factors; the assessment method based on remote sensing is easily influenced by weather and image resolution and the pretreatment of image needs a long time, thus causing the evaluation takes too long to get golden time for rescue.The rapid assessment method of earthquake disaster loss based on seismic spatial information grid(SSIG) has been proposed in this paper in order to quickly and effectively analyze the various data related to earthquake disaster losses, which is massive, intricacies, multi-source, heterogeneous and uneven distributed in space and time and rapidly acquire disaster distribution information. The multidisciplinary method integrates the space information technology with earthquake disaster assessment technology and has better value of application innovation and integrated innovation. The main research contents and results in this study are as follows:(1) Basic theory and key technology of seismic spatial information grid:based on the specific features of earthquake disaster assessment and emergency rescue, the study has proposed the basic framework of spatial information grid of seismic theme oriented to the rapid assessment of earthquake disaster loss, including concept, type, scale and content. The system better solves the problem of integration organization and storage of earthquake disaster data and provides the basic theory and technical support for the achievement of organization, management and application of uneven space-time massive earthquake data.(2) Models and methods of the establishment of seismic spatial information grid:this paper analyzed the data models, data structure and construction methods of seismic spatial information grid which is facing to the rapid loss assessment of earthquake disaster, then designed and developed a prototype computer system of seismic spatial information grid so as to provide technical support and platform support for the application research of the rapid loss assessment of earthquake disaster based on the seismic spatial information grid system.(3) Rapid loss assessment method of the earthquake disaster of buildings, economy and population based on hybrid multilevel SSIG:depended on the seismic spatial information grid platform the study made use of the feature of hybrid multilevel grid model, which inherit the data characteristic of irregular grid and take the advantage of regular grid, so as to deeply integrate SSIG with earthquake disaster loss assessment model, provide a new rapid, effective and operable method for the achievement of rapid assessment method of the earthquake disaster loss and well solve the defects of lacking consideration of space-time heterogeneity of earthquake disaster data existed in the single grid and GIS method.(4) Method of rapid loss assessment of earthquake disaster under the condition of incomplete information:focused on the problem of the rapid loss assessment of earthquake disaster under the condition of incomplete information, this study introduced multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and case matching into the earthquake disaster loss assessment and coupled with SSIG. Through the way to combine qualitative analysis with quantitative evaluation, a rapid effective new method has been provided under the condition of incomplete information. Finally through the analysis of typical earthquake example, the consistency, scientificity and feasibility of the method have been proved.Aiming at earthquake disaster loss assessment and taking SSIG as the main line, this study has implemented the data management in loss assessment of earthquake disaster, model construction, intelligent computing and graphics drawing and output, and rapidly assessed the earthquake disaster loss in the multiple perspectives, methods and indicators. The research not only broad the application fields of spatial information grid, develop the earthquake information service mode, but also provide reliable and powerful information support and platform security for post-earthquake assessment and rescue.