Faunistic On The Spiders From Hainan Island, China

Hainan Island, China, has the good geographical location and tropical climate, so it’s a very perfect place to study Island Biogeography. This dissertation deals with taxonomic and faunistic studies on the spiders from Hainan Island, also refers to the spider’s distribution pattern and origin. The entire work is divided into four parts as follows:Ⅰ. Based on the results of identifying spider specimens from field investigation and the previous reports, 42 families, 233 genera and 611 species are recorded. The diagnoses of each family and genus are given, as well as the keys to genera and species. The citations and information of the examined materials are provided for each genus and species. New taxa and a few old species are described in detail. Sixty-two figures are given. During the study, forty-three new species are described: Araneus jianfengensis sp. nov., A. lobus sp. nov., A. maculatus sp. nov., A. octumaculalus Han & Zhu, 2009, Chorizopes fanjiaensis sp. nov., Ch. informus sp. nov., Ch. longifolius sp. nov., Ch. monomaculatus sp. nov., Cyclosa astridae sp. nov., C. aurita sp. nov., C. avicephlica sp. nov., C. bawangling sp. nov., C. flava sp. nov., C. jiuchun sp. nov., C. nasuta sp. nov., C. rostrata sp. nov., C. songi sp. nov., C. xigui sp. nov., C. zhui sp. nov., Cyphalonotus yajiaensis sp. nov., Cyrtarachne jianfengensis sp. nov., Cy. zhui sp. nov., Cyrtophora bawangensis sp. nov., Cy. bimaculata Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010, Deione lingulata Han, Zhu & Levi, 2009, Eriovixia bituberculara sp. nov., E. huwena Han & Zhu, 2010, E. jianfengensis Han & Zhu, 2010, E. nigrimaculata Han & Zhu, 2010, Poltys ellipticus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010, P. hainanensis Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010, P. pygmaeus Han, Zhang & Zhu, 2010, Anahita jianfengensis sp. nov., Ctenus coccineus sp. nov., C. diaoluoensis sp. nov., C. flavimaculata sp. nov., C. longipalpus sp. nov., Cheiracanthium qiongzhong sp. nov., Indosmodicinus hainanensis sp. nov., Spilosynema pulcherrima sp. nov., Thomisus bifurcilineus sp. nov., Th. quinqueguttatus sp. nov. and Tmarus songi Han & Zhu, 2009; five females of Mesida yini Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003, Anelosimus chonganicus Zhu, 1998, Euryopis cyclosisa Zhu & Song, 1997, Stemmops nigrabdomenus Zhu, 1998 and Miagrammopes spatulatus Dong, Yan, Zhu & Song, 2004, and eleven males of Notiocoelotes pseudolingulatus Liu & Li, 2010, Cyclosa argentata Tanikawa & Ono, 1993, Pardosa shyamae (Tikader, 1970), Leucauge nanshan Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003, Dipoena hana Zhu, 1998, Phoroncidia crustula Zhu, 1998, Theridion cheni Zhu, 1998, Th. obscuratum Zhu, 1998, Th. seximaculatum Zhu, 1998, Lysiteles leptosiphus Tang & Li, 2010 and Tmarus taiwanus Ono, 1977, are discovered and described for the first time; one genus was newly recorded in China: Deione Thorell, 1898.Ⅱ. The faunistic characters of spiders from Hainan Island are discussed systematically. The results are shown as follows: 1. High generic diversity is revealed in Hainan Island, the Oriental component is dominant, possessing 30.04%, the next is the Oriental plus African components, and the Oriental plus Palaearctic components, the others’proportion is low; 2. The endemic genus is very low, only including one genus: Flexicrurum; 3. The Oriental component is also dominant at species level, second is endemic components, including 195 species, possessing 31.91%, the third is the Oriental plus Palaearctic components; 4. The Oriental component is dominant both at generic and species level, this is consistent with Hainan Island’s location in the world zoogeographic regions.Ⅲ. The analysis of the distribution patterns of spiders from Hainan Island shows the following results: 1. In the world zoogeographic regions, the Oriental distribution pattern is absolutely dominant, including 479 species, possessing 78.40%; endemic species is rich, including 195 species, possessing 31.91%; in the chinese zoogeographic regions, South China region is the main body, including 354 species, possessing 57.94%, among them, the species of Hainan sub-region is the most, including 228 species, possessing 37.32%; 2. The spiders distribute all over the island, dense in west and middle south parts, while sparse in east and northeast parts; 3. The spatial distribution pattern of the richness reveals: from south to north, the species richness in unit plot decreases with the increase of latitude, and the species richness in unit grid decreases along with longitude increase.Ⅳ. The origin of the spiders fauna in Hainan Island is analyzed and discussed. The comparability of Hainan Island and adjacent regions shows: Hainan Island with Yunnan, Guangxi and Taiwan, Hainan Island with Japan, India and Burma both have the relatively high comparability. The geologic history indicates Hainan Island ever joined the mainland, then separated, and repeated several times. The Oriental component is dominant in faunistic composition. The origin of the spiders fauna in Hainan Island is mainly the South East Asia, and a few the Palaearctic Realm and the African Realm.