Construction Of Long-term Mechanism For Food Security, And Empirical Research

There were some old Chinese sayings as "food is the people's heaven, grain is the first food", "warehouse full, world stable", "If you have enough food, you can't be in panic." Since food had a special strategic significance in our country with 13 billion people, selecting self-based food security strategy was determined by our nation conditions and was determined policy. China had been committed to this goal for a long time, especially since the reform and opening up. Although there were selling-food-difficulty phenomena several times which were periodic and were caused by blocked market and defective institution, it didn't indicate china could get abundant grain production absolutely. However, it was this Intermittent food surplus that provided opportunity and guarantee for China's southeast coastal areas to rapidly advance modernization process with the center of industrialization and urbanization, and that completely changed the south-grain-was-transported-to-north-areas pattern of food production. So Country of fish and rice was not true and such proverbs as "Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province have harvest, the world is enough", "Jiangsu and Hubei Province have harvest, the world is enough", "Hubei and Guangdong province have harvest, the world is enough" couldn't be heard any more.. By the end of the last century, food surplus appearances had took on again in China but this time many main agricultural product were so excess as to lead to a grain-based agricultural prices have fallen sharply. Accordingly, the central government regarded that Chinese agriculture wasn't shortage of food any more and entered a new stage of development, so made major policy decisions with the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure. But at that time central and western China particularly the central had entered a rapidly advancing period of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization.However, after entering the new century, the whole nation grain area dropped sharply. Moreover, adding the natural calamities affection, the grain yield of our country had appeared to come down by large margins and initiated inflation in 2003. Food security problem became the focal point and hot spot of central authority even the whole society once again. Afterwards, central authority adopted a series of the preferential measures to stimulate grain produces, making our country grain produce can recover rapidly and increase steadily. Due to this act, our country is in extremely rare initiative position in world grain crisis and world financial crisis in recent years. But, the series policies, especially the implementation of new land policies which is centering on basic farmland system, making the modernized route of central and western regions can't follow the way that eastern region taken, which is sacrifice the agriculture especially grain as price. This is a brand-new problem.Based on analysis of above-mentioned background, the author believed that since long-term, food security policy in our country regardless of academically or practically, mostly attaches importance to analyzing problems such as how to improve grain yield, raise avails of grain peasant and so on. The fact is that, on one hand, the food security policy currently in effect have arrived at the certain positive role in increasing the peasants' income and stabilizing grain production. But, this effect is limited, not enough to make up the chance cost of grain produce. On the other hand, the new distribution pattern of our country grain production formed after the reform and openness, making main food security duties fall to the main grain producing area. But, the main grain producing province (this paper take Henan province as an example) which already has enormous gap of economic growth with east developed region, is entering the period of moving forward approximately on industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, which need to both develop overall economy society and take up significant responsibilities and obligations of country food security. Just say that, after entering the new century, our country food security is in a new circumstances stage period. With country food security strategic objective constraint, the main grain producing area's modernization roads will not allow to sacrifice agriculture. However, as main grain producing area, when choosing grain produces, it surely will gigantic chance cost on the resource allocation. As a result of inquiring and calculating analysis, peasants' income and enjoyed public welfare level have extremely close connection with location area industrialization and urbanization level difference. The common low development level of main grain producing area's economic and society, has already became the contradiction and puzzle of our country food security and main grain producing area to develop industrialization, urbanization and push forward agricultural modernization. It is the hidden trouble that our country food security strategy must remove. Therefore, in the new period, new stage and new circumstances, we must construct the long-term mechanism of food security, from two visual angles both improving grain efficiency and promoting main grain producing area regional economies.Taking Henan province for example, this paper made further analysis and certification. The paper believed that complied with an end of the century so far, Henan as a main grain producing province, it's grain produces being always keeping the sustained stable increase, and it had become the first grain producing provinces of our country. So far, its grain yield has be the highest of the whole nation for 12 years, and linked with innovative height, which making outstanding contribution for our country's food security. On one hand, by fully and deeply analyzed of the phenomenon that Henan grain producing increased continually, the article analyzed the effective and successful experiences adopted by Henan to develop grain production, such as, develop'wheat economy' to elongate estate chain; Make core producing area to bring the scale cluster effect into play; Change "barn" to "kitchen" and to "world dining-table", drive estate to escalate unceasingly; Innovative science and technology system and reinforce the scientific and technological support. On the other hand, we discovered a little of contradictions and problems accumulating and revealing out while Henan developing grain production. The first is that, "contribution" and "pay" are asymmetric, and the gap of economic development level compared with the developed region is more and more big; The second is that,economic growth of main grain production counties fall behind for long time, already became the "depression" of whole province economic growth; The third is that, main grain producing area has become actually the main body of poor, and impoverished people has started concentrating to main grain producing area; And the last one is that, the chain reaction that economy falls behind made the infrastructure construction and ecological environment of main grain producing area worsen.After analyzed our country food security policy's effect and defect from two aspect of reasoning and demonstration, with Henan's condition, the paper at last suggested that by constructing grain core area, we could construct long-term mechanism of our country food security from four aspect, which were establishing financial compensation adjustment mechanism, improving the investment guarantee mechanism, improving the service assurance mechanisms and innovating food production and management system. In order to make main grain producing area find a brand-new way that grain production vigor could get sufficient released, the peasants' income could increase rapidly, and industrialization, urbanization, agricultural modernization could coordinat each other.