| China is a developing country which has a large amount of population, and successive governments emphasize the importance of the food problem very much, especially in recent years with the intensified international grain crisis and turmoil, so for China's development, the importance of the food problem is self-evident.Research on food problem covers many aspects, to China, in the final analysis concentrated on two aspects that one is food security and the other is the grain circulation. Since American Economist Brown published the article "Who Will Feed China" in 1995, many scholars and government officials have paid more attention on China's food security problem. At present, the factors that restrict the grain production capability imply that there is a great stress on the guarantee of the future of food security. The major problem of the grain circulation is the system problem, which is also an important aspect of the economic and social development. From the realization of state monopoly over purchase and marketing in 1953 to our country government announced the grain circulation system's comprehensive marketization in 2004, the reform and innovation of the grain circulation system is still in the process of deepening and advance. The core issue of the solution to the grain circulation system is to enhance the grain circulation efficiency and reduce the cost of grain circulation. Our country falls behind compared with the foreign developed countries.Grain circulation system reform and innovation are related with the guarantee of food security closely and inseparably. The primary goal of grain circulation system reform and innovation is to increase operating efficiency, but the food security can not be ignored especially under the Chinese special national conditions. Food security is more than the supplies security of grain production, and the grain circulation is the key to connect the grain consumption and production under the market conditions, which plays an increasingly important and direct role to the guarantee for food security. Throughout the six decades after the founding of the our country, especially after reform and opening up, reform and innovation on the grain circulation system and the food security never get a real harmonization, however, which are in inversing proportion. For our country, only when the grain circulation system's reform and innovation is fully promoted and deepened can we enhance the level of the food security with more reasonable cost and greater efficiency.China had achieved full market grain circulation in 2004, but this did not mean that the end of the grain circulation system and the innovation process. On the contrary, it should be treat as right opportunity to deepen the process. Although fully market-oriented grain circulation is the realization of formal institutional innovation at the macro level, which is only the one aspect of the long-term circulation institutional transition, innovation and development at the micro institution level such as the transaction institution and the management institution are still falling behind. At present, not only the grain circulation system is inefficient, but also the support provided to ensure food security is very limited. So, at this stage, the study on the grain circulation system reform and innovation has important theoretical and practical significance.This paper is divided into four parts according to the logic reasoning.Partâ… :Raising the background and significance of research, and summing up the related literatures including the grain circulation system, food security and how to ensure food security by grain circulation.Partâ…¡:(Chapter 2) Selecting three representative countries:the United States, Japan and India, and making analysis of the characteristics of the means to ensure food security and grain circulation system. Then obtaining enlightenments for our county on which based the summary of foreign experience.Partâ…¢:(chapters 3-4) Making comprehensive analysis of China's grain circulation system from the perspective of the historical process. The process of China's grain circulation system is full of repeated and difficult, which is the history process with ensuring food security and improving the efficiency of grain circulation. Due to the special nature of grain commodities and grain circulation system's characteristics with "path dependency", the paper's analysis based on the perspective of the historical process has great significance in innovation of present grain circulation system. In this paper, the period we pay attention is the whole process from the grain free purchase and marketing system after founding to the grain circulation system's comprehensive marketization in 2004.Partâ…£:(Chapter 5-8) Firstly we analyze China's grain circulation system innovation on the overall level, and then point out that to achieve the harmonization of safety and efficiency is integrated objectives of China's grain circulation system innovative at this stage. With this aim, the fourth part of the study is divided into two points. The one is to analyze China' grain circulation system innovation based on the insurance to the security, mainly from the angle of the guarantee degree of long-term food security promoted by the grain circulation. The other is to analyze China' grain circulation system innovation based on improving efficiency, mainly studying the grain market system, grain companies and grain processing industry from the level of the grain circulation system.Innovation of this paper is as follows:1.The paper puts forward the viewpoint that ensuring long-term food security on the premise of the maintaining the dynamic stability of grain price system. This article finds that the food security is namely balance between grain supply and demand, and market-oriented regulation means are necessary to ensure the food security at this stage. Grain circulation can be considered value-added process of grain industry chain in nature. Since the added value grain products is very low, so the dynamic stability of the price system is an important indicator of grain chain stability and the guarantee degree of food security. The paper makes quantitative analysis on the integration degree of our country's grain market price system, and makes analysis and argument on how to elevate grain prices system's dynamic stability. Finally, we reveal the mechanism for grain circulation to ensure long-term food security. We believe that food security is also a public good with features of non-competitive and non-exclusive. Under the condition of fully market-oriented grain circulation, the government still shoulders the primary responsibility for food security. In addition to increasing the infrastructure investment of grain production and strengthening ecological environment protection, the government should take more indirect market regulation measures in circulation area such as direct subsidies for grain production, docking of productive region and sale region, and grain reserves. Its essence is in order to enhance the dynamic stability of grain prices system to achieve the important aim of the effective protection of food security.2. This paper applies the institutional change theory and state theory of new institutional economics to the analysis of compulsory and progressive of China's grain circulation system. China's unique institutional environment and institutional characteristics of supply and demand determine that the institution transition of grain circulation system should be the mandatory process dominated by the state sector, which not only can effectively compensate for the inadequate supply of the grain circulation system, but also can form the common belief maintenance after reforming. Progressive characteristics show in that, due to the typical Chinese increment reform mode, the changes of China's grain circulation system are essentially mutual coordination process between the "quick change system" and "hysteretic system". Finally, according to "path dependence" theory that long time cognizance of grain issues and existence of grain interest groups are fundamental factors of low efficiency levels in the long period of China's grain circulation system and the repeatability of the grain circulation system changes.3.This paper focuses on the innovation and development of grain market system in China based on the overall analysis of grain circulation system innovation. We point out that the wholesale market plays an important role in grain circulation channel. Policy support and the use of modern information technology are main measures to enhance and upgrade the functions of traditional grain wholesale market. Grain futures market is playing an increasingly important role in grain circulation system, which we should take full advantage of price discovery and hedging functions to guide peasantry and vendors to organize production and circulation on-demand, and on this basis effectively expand the original grain circulation channels, while actively use futures delivery capabilities to effectively promote docking between the grain futures market and spot market. Currently the research on the grain retail market is very little, the paper puts the premise on difference between finished grains, makes a comprehensive research on grain differential strategy and the development of grain retail organizations from the perspective of marketing.4. The article analyzes the features of the historical process of China's grain circulation system reform from the perspective of the interaction between the grain circulation institution and the grain circulation system, and makes detailed induction and summary. The historical process of the grain circulation system reform is divided into five different periods according to some features standard in this paper. Through analysis, we believe that through the whole time period of the grain circulation system reform (mainly in the "dual track" period), our government attempted to achieve coordination and unification between the national food security and the grain circulation efficiency improving. But due to the extreme complexity of grain circulation issue, they are mostly in inversing proportion. So, when the coordination can not be achieved, the government has to choose the guarantee of national food security as the primary objective of food policy, which is more significance in politics. After the comprehensive market-oriented reform of the Chinese grain circulation in 2004, the importance of efficiency goals was gradually strengthened, and at the same time, the food security was the unshakeable fundamental goal. So absorbing historical experiences and lessons actively, and strengthening the study at this stage on innovation of grain circulation system based on the safety and efficiency have important theoretical and practical significance.Of course, my study also has some defects. For example, as data acquisition difficult make it impossible to engage in more comprehensive analysis by quantitative means in partial chapters of this paper. In addition, food problem is very complex and involve the wider area. Many factors influence China's grain circulation system reform and innovation, such as "three rural issues", future grain production, ecological environment protection, real status of grain consumption, domestic and international economic and political environment, fluctuations in international grain markets, and so on. Limited to my ability and the length of the paper, this paper study the issue of China's grain circulation system reform and innovation mainly from the safety and efficiency perspective. As it ignores the important factors mentioned above, the analysis of the paper reduces the comprehensiveness. And these shortcomings and defects need further study to improve in the future. |
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