Research On Key Problems Of Expressway Toll By Weight

The execution of toll-by-weight policy is a successful reform in the course of tolls in our country's expressways. Toll-by-weight has been playing an increasingly important role in less than ten years from the period of introducing the theory to the time of fully carrying out. But the theory of toll-by-weight lags behind its practice. The relevant researches at home and abroad are mostly limited to the qualitative and local analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic and in-depth research into the basic theories of toll-by-weight.This dissertation deals with a series of key issues on the process of implementing toll-by-weight by way of the theories of economics, operational research, management, etc from a systematic perspective. On the basis of analyzing the pricing formation of expressways' toll-by-weight, the mechanisms of toll-by-weight are analyzed and three kinds of implementation patterns of toll-by-weight are divided and evaluated from the macro and micro angle. Pricing methods of toll-by-weight on normal load vehicles and overload vehicles have been respectively built, and the pricing methods of the basic rate of toll-by-weight on normal load vehicles have been constructed including rated gross method, actual measurement gross weight method, and contrast analysis method, all of which are given empirical analysis based on various market data. The concepts of external cost and external benefit of expressway's overload transportation and its corresponding estimate models have been proposed. At the same time, the construction of reimbursement rate on overload vehicles has been formed and improved. On this basis, the pricing method on overload vehicle's reimbursement rate has been put forth with the aim of maximizing social welfare, and its reasonability has been tested in empirical analysis. Taking systematic point and price elasticity of freight demand into account in this dissertation, the road network freight carriers' benefit and cost have been analyzed, and the elastic demand function of freight has been designed, also freight demand of traffic assignment model of network equilibrium and bi-level design on pricing model of overload vehicles' reimbursement rate have been constructed which make effort to get the aim of the upper planning to maximize social utility and to get the aim of the underclass planning to maximize user surplus, thus the corresponding simulated annealing algorithm has been designed. The relevant adjustments of toll-by-weight standards such as adjustment basis, adjustment timing, adjustment methods and implementation strategies have been analyzed. The forecasting model of expressway's short-term traffic has been set forth by combining genetic algorithm and neural networks. On this basis, combined the short-term traffic prediction and the toll station queuing model, the queuing theory of simulating expressway's toll process is used to construct the dynamic optimal allocation for toll collectors.The dissertation is to provide a scientific theory basis for toll-by-weight in expressways. The pricing methods and adjustment systems of toll-by-weight have been improved. It effectively extends the expressway's toll theory especially the reimbursement toll theory, thus the role of toll-by-weight as economic leverage in dealing with overload transportation can be utilized to its limit, and the freight carriers are guided to reasonably use road resources, also the burden of negative externalities brought by overload transportation on expressways' systems has been reduced. At the same time, the researches in the dissertation are to improve the execution efficiency of toll-by-weight, to guide and standardize the execution of toll-by-weight in our country's expressways, and to provide decision references on the further scientific execution of toll-by-weight in our country's expressways.