Research On Rice Production Growth And It's Government Management In China

Rice is the "Hard Currency" of the foodstuff. Roughly 65 percent of Chinese people depend on rice as its principal staple food, and 85 percent rice is used as food, which comes to 350 billion in grain consumption of urban and rural residents in China. Rice industry development concerns to the economic interests of more than one hundred million farmers, so that rice food safety concerns to the food safety indirectly. Therefore, whether the rice industry development is stable or not will directly influence farms'production and incomes increasingly, the food safety of the whole country, and influence the national economy and the people's livelihood further. Especially, food storage stalked through the country with grain price rising steadily, which attracts worldwide attention to the development of grain and food safety. Faced with the factors restricting agricultural development such as cultivated land, water resources and so on, the paper believes that the national agricultural technology policy and institutional innovations should be perfected so as to solve the problems concerning rice. The paper makes a detailed study of it under the background characteristic of times and is divided into nine chapters.Based on research background, the research meanings of theory and practice in chapter one, and basic economic theory in chapter two, the thesis measures the fluctuant characteristics and the cycle of fluctuations through decomposing time trend and spectral analysis in chapter three, describing the fluctuation of regional rice production by variance decomposition analysis. The results show that long wave is primary style to rice production fluctuation in China. Meanwhile, the growth mode of rice production takes fundamental changes in two periods between before and since reform and opening because of national macro-control. As the fluctuation of regional rice production, the fluctuation of southern rice production is the main contribution to the fluctuation of rice production in China, while the proportion of rice yield in traditional Lower Yangtze Region and South China have been decreasing in whole country, but the proportion of Northeast China showing an increasing trend.The thesis analyzes primarily economic behavior of peasants by the premise of lower comparative interest for rice production in Chapter four. The thesis indicated supply behavior of peasants together with its main influenced factors, using co-integration test and PAM, and discussing the most crucial obstacles to sustainable development for rice industry furthermore. The results show that the conflicts of peasants and government are economic performance of the interest imbalance in the development of rice industry, and meanwhile, lower income of rice was mainly reflected in the cost of production and national grain price policy on intermittent. From the perspective of the rice supply of farmers, rice prices and input prices affect mainly the rice supply of farmers in China. However, in the long term, the negative price elasticity of inputs is higher than the price elasticity of rice, which indicates that the response of farmers to increasing production cost is more than the rising prices of rice products, as a certain lag for rice supply. On the basis of stabilizing prices, increasing the efficiency of agricultural production continuously is the main direction of rice production growth in China, by promoting technological innovation, controlling rice production costs and establishment of an effective incentive mechanism, while government separately raising the price of rice would not only lead to an overall food price increasing the risk of the market, also not achieve the desired results.The thesis would analyze, by the model of VECM, the dynamic relations between public R&D investment and technology innovation for rice, the dynamic relations between public R&D investment and the productivity growth of rice, and the dynamic relations between technology innovation and the productivity growth of rice in Chapter five. Although invest in research had a notable impact to technique innovation, some problems still existed obviously, such as the invest in rice or even agriculture research in our country was far more lower than other industries and countries, and the proportion of basic research finance to the total agriculture research outlay was falling down year by year. The lack of invest in basic research would show a continuance impact to technique innovation. Moreover, the amount of technique innovation in our country, especially the increase of new variety quantity, did not have a remarkable long-or-short term correlativity with the TFP increase. On one hand, it was because that there was not any breakthrough in the technique innovation quality in a long period. Increase of essentially derived variety amount had restrained the original innovation enthusiasm, which come down to the "derived variety" regulation in our new plant variety protect system. On the other hand, it become the sharp contrast to huge stock of technological innovation and lower the rate of adoption of the technology, because of low transformation ratio of agricultural science and technology by agricultural extension. In addition, the analysis also shows that agricultural research institutes in China are almost entirely owned by the government, which lead the high degree of monopoly to the organization of technological innovation, so as to the decentralized R & D investment inevitably. Moreover, the decentralized R & D investment results in the breeding of a number of rice varieties for few extension areas, and reduces the dominant species, so as to the production of varieties in Regional Trials without a breakthrough.Through the study on selection behaviors of peasant's rice technology channel and the influence of public service on rice technology, the followed conclusions were obtained: Agricultural extension service showed overall undersupply in China, and there was a ubiquitous fact that farmers used experience rather than science-style during rice planting. In the aspect of channel selection of Agricultural extension service, differentiation of peasants' role had led to some differences in their choice of technology channels. The higher the degree of labor transfered, the lower the probability that peasants would choose Agricultural extension sectors as their channel.The greater the peasants'scale of operation, the larger the probability that they would choose Agricultural extension sectors as their channel. However, in terms of pest control technology, it showed a reverse result.In addition, the study on influences of public services in rice technology showed that the technical extension services had effectivly improved the quality of labor force and mechanical inputs, increased the productivity on both labor and machinery, promoted the positive effect of scale-operation to rice output. However, the lack of incentive systems had limited the technical services functions to be effectively to a great extent.Based on previous research on investment of rice R&D and public technology services, this paper discussed more deeply that the professional cooperative had promotion impact to the development of rice industry, from the farmers professional cooperative system innovation cases of Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. Survey data from the two provinces showed that the system of professional cooperatives had effectively improved the degree of organization of rice farmers, reduced the degree of information asymmetry of market, reduced the social and natural risks during agricultural production, reduced transaction costs and achieved scale economy. In addition, the establishment of rice professional cooperatives promoted land transfer among the members, which reduced the universal phenomenon of Farmlands Abandoned after labor transfer.However, inter-regional differences in economic and social environment decided the differences of the ways that professional cooperatives developed, as well as the need of Government functions. There was a remarkably contrast between the system innovation caused by inducement in main rice sell area and by constraint in main rice produce area.