Research On Distribution Channel And Distribution Efficiency Of Agricultural Products

The purpose of merchandise circulation is to realize exchange of use values and satisfy people's diversified needs. Although China has reformed a lot in circulation of agricultural products, the result is not as good as that in reform of agricultural production. With rising living standard of Chinese urban and rural residents, people are paying more and more attention on balance between diversification and nutrition than quantity of agricultural products consumption; therefore, it is more necessary to guarantee agricultural products to reach the consumers rapidly and safely. It has great significance to study efficiency of agricultural products circulation because of it importance to achieve the above goal. In recent two years, price of rice in northern part of china keeps very low, while the price of rice in southern part of china maintains high; however, "transporting rice from north to south", for a variety of reasons becomes hard to realize, that is, it is very hard to transport rice from north to south". As a result, farmers in north suffer great loss; on the other hand, consumers also suffer loss because of the uneven price of rice. Based on that, this article conducts a study on how to improve efficiency of rice circulation.Circulation channels of rice mentioned in this article means channels of paddy from producers to consumers; the physical from is from paddy to rice. Efficiency here means efficiency of circulation channels of paddy, and it mainly includes efficiency of each single node of circulation channels and deal efficiency of circulation channels.Firstly, this article analyzes rice circulation channels of China by using time series data, and divides the whole development into phases, and further analyzes each phase's circulation channel structure, and shows charts of them. Analysis of china's rice circulation channels shows: the development of rice circulation channels in china is influenced by rice circulation policies in a long period, and china's rice circulation channels have gone through repeating changes from free development of market and planned economy to market economy. With the development of socialist market economic system, the circulation channels are gradually tending towards marketization.Secondly, referring to the relationship between production and circulation, this article analyzes the agricultural production in Heilongjiang Province and stresses the necessity of taking the rice circulation in this province as the research target; and it also makes the qualitative and quantitative study of the rice circulation channels in Heilongjiang Province by making use of the statistics and the survey data. It describes the charts of the rice circulation channels in every node through the qualitative analysis; and it calculates the unit benefit of rice flow in each channel node via the quantitative analysis; and it also offers the present diagram of rice circulation in Heilongjiang Province; and by analyzing the positions between the peasant and intermediate merchants, it makes clear the adverse status of peasant in the view of the game theory, finally, it analyzes the main problems existing in the circulation channels of rice.Thirdly, from perspective of input-output analysis, this article talks about the conditions on which the overall efficiency of the circulation channel of rice could get the best point, and analyze the concrete input-output efficiency of intermediate merchants by using rice companies, wholesalers and grain shops as the study target. The result indicates that the input-output efficiency of rice companies is at the lowest level, but that of the wholesaler is roughly impartial with the grain shops, so the rice companies are the bottleneck of the top efficiency in circulation channel of rice. Further analysis shows that the internal organization in the rice company is clearly divided into two parts. The efficiency of Reclamation Rice Company is lower than that of local one.The result of this further analysis coincides with thatof efficiency of input-out analysis------efficiency of Reclamation rice company is not veryhigh. If Reclamation rice company thoroughly back off the circulation or increase the efficiency through improving circulation channels, the bottleneck will be eliminated, and the circulation channels will be optimized. Based on the calculation of annual efficiency of the Reclamation rice company, it indicates the improvement of overall efficiency of this company, which means that efficiency of rice circulation in Heilongjiang Province is also in its improvement.Fourthly, on the basis of analyzing the deal efficiency of the general agricultural product, this article takes the rice company and grain warehouse as the study objects, and calculates the deal efficiency under different circumstances when the rice was sold from Heilongjiang Province to outward according to fees caused during the rice circulation. First, this article separately calculates the annual deal efficiency of the rice company and the grain warehouse from 2005 to 2007 under the condition of with financial fees, without financial fees, with direction fees and without direction fees, thus verifies the conclusion drawn in general theory models. Besides, taking Beijing and Tianjin as the objects, this article calculates the deal efficiency when the rice was sold in supermarkets and in open air markets from 2005 to 2006 with the results showing that, although the selling price is high in supermarket, the efficiency in open air markets is higher than that of the supermarkets owing to types of large deal fees.Lastly, on the basis of above positive analysis, the paper put forward some measures from aspects of institution, system construction and technology.