A Research On The American Outstanding CEOs' Crisis Management Strategy In The 20th Century

Crisis management is a new challenging subject in managerial study with a rich heritage and quite troublesome difficulty, aiming at the practical studies.Based on the basic principles of management and with a view to multile subjects, the sesearch is done with a multiple collection of thought of all school and with an outline of philosophy, typology and case study.The study period of the thesis is since the American Civil War and the way of thought of empirical managing school is used in the paper.Cited as samples in the thesis are the famous American CEOs in the 20th century, such as Andrew Canegie, John Pierpoint Morgan Sr., John D.Rockefeller, Henry Ford, Alfred P.Sloan, Thomas.J.Watson Sr., Thomas.J.Watson Jr.Lee, Lacocca, Welch.J, and their growing backgrounds, ways to success, practical managements, successes and failures, retired lives, etc.are investigated and studied by comparison and contrast, and by concluding and analyzing what is listed above, to illustrate their crisis management practices, to look into their typical cases, and to analyze the situations in which crises happen and the strategies to handle them, at last management methodology being reached.A narrative and commentary style is adopted through the whole thesis.Crisis is an uncertain manifesting form, a symbol of selfhood disfigurement, system limitation and American problems.It is also a result of market, government and technique malfunction and leading and management imbalance and theories of lifecycles.In a word, it is a companion phenomenon of modernization and globalization.Thegestation, growth and change of crises have a close connection with complicated political, economical and cultural factors.The better scientific crisis management strategies are the following aspects: One should be in good faith, clear-headed, down to earth, heart and soul, pertinent attribution, with a correct way of life and fortune, undertaking duties of both his enterprise and society; One should confront the public and the press honestly, treat his partners kindly, prevent environment from pollution, to be loyal to one's department, clients, to be good at communication and management of superiors, to be alerted to political hazard; One should love life, have an active leisure, to be loyal tohis family, to be cautious of making friends; One should confront the practices, feedback, think back, ameliorate continuously, not to be eager for quick success and instant benefit; One should attach importance to demonstrations, pay attention to methodology, to avoid uncertainty, to be alerted to multilevel traps; One should attach importance to concealed knowledge as well as education and training, keep a sense of history, develop and form core abilities, to avoid simplification; One should set up competitive enterprise culture, smooth organization system, have a normal law system, and found a visionary company.At last offered in the thesis is a new perspective view into the U.S.modern and contemporary history.With the help of the samples together with the enterprises, he people and the history in which my samples worked or lived in, we have a frame of reference to study the U.S.history of economic system as much as the U.S.history so as to offeran angle of new view to understand the development of enterprise management and managerial thought, to observe the history of news, war and leisure, and to comment the reasons and features of the American Civil War, of worker's movement, of urbanization, of new policies, of the U.S.reform, and of American economic development.The thesis is an active attempt of demonstration study in which by using questions or problems as guidelines and around the key theories, samples are chosen, data are analyzed, and cases are abstracted; in which frame structuresare designed, adjusted and optimized and traditional theories are examined and surveyed, making up the inanition and boring of analyzing theories, avoiding the phenomenon of random and losing control; in which the study of quantity and the analysis of quality are taken account of, opening new practical research area and attempting new methods to offer useful advices to study process model and standard. The thesis is a useful probe of inter-subject, which covers a broad space and a long time, including economics, philosophy, literature, sociology, history, journalism, strategics, leisure, psychology, computer science, law science, information, etc.In the mixture of literature, history, psychology and management, typical characters and cases are analyzed and the historical status, successes and failures and present practical value of well-known CEOs are illustrated.Finally the thesis has a solid foundation of literatureand humanities, which is helpful to the construction and formation of managerial subject and its style and narrative strategy are a model to some extend.