Research On The Methodology Of "the Capital"

"The Capital"is one of the important representatives of Marxism,and also a cyclopedia in which Marx studied the rules of capitalistic economy. In"The Capital"Marx analysed deeply about the historical rules of economic system of capitalism from its beginning to the will-be ending."The Capital"gives us the knowledge of capitalism economy,beyond this,it also lets us know the general developing trends of human society."The Capital"makes us believe that the communism is not only a scientific theory,but also will be realized in the future."The Capital"is not only a profoud system of theory,but also a methodology of researching on the capitalism economy.The methodology is the same important as the theory,from the methodology we can understand the theory better,or we can say if there is no scientific methodology,there is no"The Capital".Both the classical writers of Marxism and the researchers of"The Capital"give high and enough recognition on the methodology.Marx used dialectical materialism,historical materialism and the view of practice as methodology in"The Capital".The dialectical materialism in"The Capital"consists logic,dialetic and epistemology.On one hand each of the three has its own function in"The Capital",on the other hand they are organically united.Historical materialism and the theory of surplus had close connection in the development of Marx'theory: historical materialism gave the guide of research on the theory of surplus,while the theory of surplus gave the proof of historical materialism ,and they together made the communism from escapism to science.This connection made historical materialism as methodology in"The Capital"have a special meaning.One side historical materialism is the conclusion and the aim of the development of society,on the other side it is the methodology with which Marx used to analyse the capitalistic economy.Dialectical materialism and historical materialism as methodology in"The Capital"are not isolated,but a whole unit,and dialectical materialism serves the historical materialism after all,because historical materialism was the very thing which Marx concerned about during his life.Marx insisted on that the task of philosophy is not only explaining the world but also making changes about the world,so the view of practice in his philosophy is the same with his communism theory and realization. The view of practice is one of the methodology in"The Capital".The view of practice is the result of Marx'animadvert on the traditional philosophy,it took some time for Marx to get the exact idea of the view of practice .Marx'animadvert on capitalism developed from politics to economy along with the establishment of the view of practice ,and finally established his criticizing political ecomomy. The view of practice can be found in"The Capital"in the production of surplus and the distribution of surplus.Marx disclosed the hypostasis of capitalistic wage labour,showed us how the capitalist class exploited the worker class seizing the surplus labour of the worker class via the production of absolute surplus and the production of comparative surplus.The product relationship was reproduced by the capitalistic material reproduction.The wage of the worker was just value of the necessary labour which equals to the value of alterable capital,and the large amount of surplus value was carved up by the capitalist class according to their capital ratio in the whole society.The rolling up of capital is the rolling up of the impoverishment of the proletariate.The opposite of the capitalist class and the proletariate must develop from economy to politics.Along with the development of the contradiction of the capitalistic productivity and product relationship,the contradiction of the socialization of productivity and the personal seizing of productive materials will get to the capstone,at this time the proletariate will overset the capitalism,and the communism will come up.In order to understand the Marx'methodology better,the methodology of western economy is compared with Marx'in this thesis.The differences of them are :from the philosophy view , the western economy is based on the mentalism,individual rationalism,mechanical equilibrium and aqnosticism while"The Capital"is based on dialectical materialism,historical materialism and the view of practice ;from the methodology view, the methodology of western economy has no world view but only scientific philosophy while the methodology in"The Capital"is on the level of world view;from the abstract method view,the western economy uses phenomenon abstract while"The Capital"uses scientific abstract;from the class position view,the western economy supports the capitalism while Marx was against it.Besides the differences,there are some common things between them,one is that they both use demonstration and criterion,the other is they both use system analytical method.Dialectical materialism,historical materialism and the view of practice as the methodology of"The Capital"can be found in the theory of socialism market economy .This shows on one hand that the methodology of"The Capital"is scientific and still has the general guiding function,on the other hand that the theory of socialism market economy is the truth which can guide the construction of the socialism market economy effectively.