Research On Supply Problem Of Rural Public Goods

China is a developing country and the agriculture is the foundation of national economy. In recent years, however, agriculture economy in our country has developed slowly, the farmers' burden is heavy, and social problems in countryside are increasingly outstanding. The three problems have already obstructed the increase of economy and social development in China. One main cause of these problems refers to the supply of rural public good: the total amount of the supply of rural public good is shortage, the structure of the supply isn't reasonable, the efficiency of supply is low, and the burden is inequality between residents in rural area and those in urban. The government has attached greater importance to these problems. In the No.1 document of Central Committee for the recent consecutive years from 2004 to2008, both the CPC Central Committee and the State Council pay a lot of attention to these problems. At the present stage, a period of construction of the new socialist countryside, how to efficiently supply rural public good becomes a hot point in today's academe. Based on the research background of the transformation of country society, the cracking of the dual structure in urban and rural economy, the coordination of development in urban and rural areas, and the construction of the new socialist countryside, this article researched the supply of rural public good in China.Base on trimming research results of predecessors, this article described and defined the concept of and theory about the supply of rural public good and discussed the relationship between the supply of rural public good and the development of agriculture and social economy in rural areas as well as the increase of farmers' income. This article also analyzed the scale and benefit of the supply of rural public good though regression model with quantitive analysis and then used the model analyzed that if the coordination of urban and rural areas was achieved, residents of cities and countryside shared the same public productions, and the standards of living for urban and rural people was improved with the same pace, the supply of rural public good, in accordance with the principle of "give more and get less", is still shortage ,and fiscal fund for assisting agriculture still can't meet the demand. Then with this model this article concluded that to make up the shortage of capital used for the supply of rural public good, more than 1000 billion RMB is required by fiscal fund for assisting agriculture in a few coming years.Besides analyzing supply capital with quantity, this article also analyzed other problems associated with public productions such as the shortage in the supply of rural public good in China, the coexistence of under-supply and relative over-supply in the process of supply, the difference among areas in the process of supply, and the inefficiency of supply. From the aspect of quantities analysis, this article also roundly and systemically analyzed the history and policy evolution of the supply of rural public good in China, and discovered the current, primal problems exiting in the supply of rural public good. The transformation of the supply of rural public good has evident characteristic of route dependence, and it has long history that farmers supplied public productions themselves. Since China adopted the reform and opening-up policy in late 1978,the initiative of the peasants has been aroused, but the supply of rural public good has not been improved because of reform and opening; contrary the supply has been caught in difficult position, especially after tax rate reform, bigger breach in the supply of rural public good has appeared; these problems have developed to such a serious extent that the increase of farmer's income and the development of agriculture and countryside were impacted. This article analyzed the reasons of these problems: to achieve the rapid, economic growth, our country adopted a strategy of "concentrate efforts only on industry and neglect the agriculture" in a long time, drawing too much from rural area and giving few. In the process of the supply of rural public good, the right and duty of government is unclear. The phenomenon of "offside", "malposition", "vacancy place " is grave. For a long time, the government adopted a "from above to below" decision-making mechanism associated with supply and considered less of famer's benefits, leading the shortage of public productions farmer needed and the over-supply of unnecessary public production; it not only has damaged farmers' interests but also has caused the limited funds fail to produce a marked effect, showing inefficient of the supply of rural public good.Based on drawing the practical experience of the supply of rural public good in foreign countries, this article, combining with our national condition and the policies of building new socialist countryside, proposed a reasonable suggestion about consummating the supply of rural public good of china.Insisting the principle of "give more and get less" and impartiality, our government should continue to increase support on agriculture, farmers, and rural area, and strengthen the transformation of government function and structure, built a type of serving government, meat the demand of farmers, and construct a decision-making mechanism, which the "from bottom to top" and "from above to below" mechanism was well combined, about the supply of rural public good, providing to peasants satisfied public productions and serves.