Study On Vegetable Productive Profit And Its Influencing Elements

According to the theories of economic profit, the methodology of modern economics and the concrete environment of policies and institutions, a systematic structure has been made to study the Chinese vegetable productive profit, in order to propose scientific bases to improve vegetable productive profit and construct a modern vegetable industrial system.Based on the problems, literate summary and analytical structure in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 has generalized and appraised the theory of economic profit and some relative theories, such as division theory, theory of scale economy, innovation theory of Schumpeter, theory of industrial organization, theory of industrial location, theory of resource collocation, which forms the theoretical base of studying vegetable productive profit. Then a theoretic model has been proposed, named "environment-technology-organization-productive profit", and including the main influencing elements of vegetable productive profit, to construct a structure of studying vegetable productive profit. A econometric model based on the data of Cangshan County of Shandong Province, has tested the theoretic model, which has also shown that price index, labor, vegetable planting acre without greenhouse, transporter, fertilizer, acre of disaster and governmental investment are the main influencing elements of vegetable productive profit at the earlier developing stage of Cangshan County, and price index, vegetable processing enterprise, concentration degree, acre of greenhouse, marketplace, transportation power and government investment are the main influencing elements at the latter developing stage of Cangshan County.Chapter 3 has firstly described the basic course of Chinese vegetable productive regionalization, then constructed scale comparative index, efficiency comparative index and integrative comparative index. Using the vegetable data of 31 provinces of China from 1997 to2004, the changes of the indexes have been analyzed and explained, which shows that 13 provinces of them have aggregate comparative advantage, 7 provinces have lack aggregate comparative advantage. The 20 provinces have been divided four groups through clustering analysis method, that is Beijing, Tianjin are in the first group, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shanghai are in the second one, Henan, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Liaoning are in the third one, Shanxi, Shanxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Chongqing, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi are in the last one. According to these conclusions four vegetable belts should been built, which are Bohai circle, Huanghuai, Southeastern seaboard and center-south area.Chapter 4 has firstly analyzed the direct influences, through increasing vegetable demand, and indirect influences, through improving the efficiency of resource utilization, ensuring the productive profit of farmers, enhancing the quality and safety of vegetable products, improving the diatheses of farmers and propelling the emergence of vegetable industrial cluster, of vegetable processing enterprises to vegetable productive profits. Then it has generalized the achievements, problems an their reasons, and thought the low degree of vegetable processing, the violence of international competition, the lack of special vegetable seeds for processing, the low constructing level of the bases of vegetable processing materials, the occurrence of pesticide residual of vegetable processing products, the lack of regulations and standards of vegetable industry, the low level of vegetable processing technologies, the vice competition among vegetable enterprises and the lack of the consciousness of rank are the maim problems, which come from the bad management system of vegetable administration, the low technological innovation and industrial organization and the bad environment of international vegetable trade. Finally countermeasures have been proposed according to vegetable regulation, standards, dragon enterprises, industrial association, technologies, material bases, regionalization, market system, information network and modern service.After analyzing the vicissitude of Chinese vegetable relative laws, Chapter 5 has proposed that the interior and exterior reasons have propelled the occurrence of vegetable industrial system, which propelled by government at early stage and by the power of marketplace. Then the problems have been analyzed systematically according to the systems of vegetable marketplace, cooperative organization, industrial administration, insurance, subsidy, land, technological innovation and industrial public goods, which caused by the lack of the function of micro-individuals in the supply and demand of vegetable industrial systems. And then according to mass thought and the theory of public choice, the concept of economic group has been proposed, which leads the construction of a optimal structure of vegetable industrial system. At last, a case study has been used to illuminate the effect of economic group.In Chapter 6, the costs and profits contrasts between tomatoes grew in greenhouse and grew without greenhouse in big and medium cities of China from 1994 to 2005, have shown that the profits of the latter is bigger than the former. The costs and profits contrasts of vegetable among greenhouses of Shouguang City, Cangshan County and Junan County in 2006, have also shown that fertilizer costs are almost same among same sorts of greenhouses, but vegetable production, seed cost and pesticide costs are quite different among different regions, which come from the different vegetable seeds, regional division and vegetable management technologies. The fact that costs and profits of vegetable fanners in Holland are bigger than Chinese farmers in Hexi Corridor has been found by contrast. In order to improve vegetable productive profit, the optimization of vegetable industrial scientific and technological innovation system have to be done, which should formed a dynamically adaptable system of division and coordination between science and technology, between technology and enterprises, between innovation and popularization.After having analyzed the influences of vegetable industrial organization and the difficulties of Chinese traditional vegetable productive model, Chapter 7has proposed that the transition and upgrading of vegetable industrial organizations are necessary to improve vegetable productive profits, egetable industrial chain and cluster are two effective industrial organizations. Secondly, according to theory of life cycle and the concept of enterprise validity, the construction of vegetable chain means the cultivation of different developing capabilities at different stages. Finally, by the econometric and comparative analysis of vegetable farmers, enterprises and transporters in 1993,1999, 2004 and 2006, it has been shown that (a)price is the more important elements than others for vegetable fanners, enterprises and transporters, (b)the effects of technology, marketplace, industrial adjustments, processing, the new vegetable weeds, standardization, which caused by the promotion of government, are keys to the occurrence of vegetable cluster, (c) influenced by profits and government, vegetable farmers and enterprises have formed correct economic ideas, good expectation and strong wishes of enlarging productive scale, leading to the good cumulate cycling of industrial collocation, (d) the enhancement of vegetable production, processing and transportation has made the emerge of great industrial cluster, which will propel Shouguang Vegatable Cluster to develop continuously.Based on the generalization of the former chapters, Chapter 8 has proposed macro-policies, medium-policies and micro-policies. The macro-policies include the development of Chinese traditional culture, systematic innovation, the development of education, cultivation, scientific and technological innovation and international cooperation. The medium -policies include the regional vegetable quality management and administrative innovation, vegetable industrial organization innovation, the conformity of vegetable industry, regional education and cultivation, regional scientific and technological innovation. The micro-policies include that town government should propagandize the polices of its upper governments, should explore the mechanism of vegetable industrialization, should encourage the local specialists and technicians and let them guide more people, and vegetable farmers should gradually realize the lack of family production model and improve their diathesis step by step.