| Along with the speeding up paces of urbanization and industrialization in China in recent years, the Chinese state economy has been keeping a sustained fast growth, however, there exist many new problems in the development of agriculture and rural economy which are prominently reflected in the declining of food production, the difficulties in increasing farmers'income and the gradual expanding gap between cities and countryside. As stated in the"No.1 Document"of the Party Central Committee in 2005,it must be clearly noticed that,"the agriculture is still the vulnerable spot in the state economy development, as the state of insufficient fund-input and fragile base has not been changed yet, the long-effect system of increasing food production and increasing farmers'income has not been founded yet, the deep contradictions restricting the development of agriculture and countryside have not been abolished yet ,the situation that the economic and social development is distinctly lagging behind has not been changed fundamentally, the reforms and development of countryside are still in the arduous phase of climbing up and storming fortifications to tackle key problems. Thus the task of keeping a good trend of the development of countryside is extremely arduous."In accordance with the prominent contradictions of incoordinations existing between the development of cities and that of countryside, while passing《The Chinese Communist Party Central Committee` propositions on stipulating the plans of the state economy and the 11th 5-year development》during the 5th meeting of the 16th plenary session, there has been proposed"the construction of new socialist countryside"for the 1st time, emphasizing that it is the major administration work in the following five years as well as a significant historic task in the progress of modernization. The basic train of thought of the new socialist countryside construction is establishing and implementing the scientific development view, taking the problems of"agriculture,countryside and farmers"as the most important work of all the important ones for the Party, persisting in the policies of"giving more to and getting less from the countryside while being flexible with the countryside"and"industry feeding agriculture in return while cities supporting countryside", trying to improve the living conditions in countryside and enhance the living quality of farmers, urging a big change taking place in the entire appearance of the countryside, gradually constructing a new socialist countryside with"developing productivity, well-off life, civilized atmosphere, tidy appearance and democratic management".An important reason why there are the incoordinations taking place between the development of cities and that of countryside and the lagging of infrastructure construction and social facilities development in countryside lies at the insufficient support provided by the financial and banking departments in the past. In 2006, there was a rural fixed assets investment which only made up 15.1% of the total volume of the society; the financial disbursement of all levels supporting agriculture accounted for 7.9% of the total volume of the state; the remaining sum of agricultural loans made up 5.8% of the total volume of all kinds of loans provided by financial departments. It is extremely unsuitable to compare the proportions about rural fund disbursement stated above with that of rural population making up in the state population, and that of agriculture and countryside economy making up in GDP,《The Propositions》has clearly stated that"adjusting the structure of financial disbursement, accelerating the construction of public financial system, improving the financial transferring disbursement regulations of the central government and provincial governments,"as well as'deepening the reforms of rural financial systems, standardizing the development of the financial organizations which suit the features of countryside, exploring and developing agricultural insurance and improving financial service .'According to this statement, accelerating the reforms of the finance and investment & financing systems, expanding the coverage of public finance in countryside, improving the financial service in countryside, these are the indispensable important conditions to advance the construction of new socialist countryside in the new phase of development.No doubt, the deepening of the financial reformation in the countryside as well as the improvement of the financial service is essential in establishing a new socialist countryside .With the maturity of the reformation of the economical system and the reformation and the open-to -the -outside policy, our government has issued a series of measurements, which will somehow renew or develop or even promote the maturity of finance of the countryside, such as to found the development bank of agriculture ,to merchandise the running or operation of the agricultural banks ,and try to depart the agricultural credit agency from the bank of agriculture ,or to standardize the agricultural credit agencies in the term of cooperation as well as closing the agricultural cooperating fund etc . However, there remained many problems, such as the outflow of the funds is very severe, and the funds that has been collected by the financial system has the tendency to flow into the city area on a large scale, large amount of finance is remained to other departments; meanwhile, many rural microscopic economic entities i.e. rural families and rural enterprises'demand are far too under supplying, which leads to the existence of"vacuum of empty loan"or"blankness of the financial market"; the financial service provided by the rural financial organizations is fairly single, making up a lack in the effective competition in rural financial market; and so on.On one hand, the demand for funds is on the increase at the call of founding a new countryside, on the other hand, the"shortage of fund"as well as the fragileness of the financial system and the shortage of financial function has long been existing. Obviously ,our present financial system will never meet the request of more funds from the economical development that had been set up in the countryside ,the present development of the financial system can't supply with the request of founding a new countryside either . Looking through the process of the Chinese rural financial reformation, one can find that since 1985 , rural financial reformation has been carried out during these more than 20 years, however, the state has not been reversed yet, which were rural fund outflow, rural finance shrinking, rural financial systems'difficulties in meeting the capital demands existing in the rural socioeconomic development. In that case, what is the exact reason that caused this present situation?The thesis begins with this point, attempting to tell that the major problems existed in the agricultural finance are the"Double Shortages"i.e. the shortage of financial supply and the shortage of the effective financial demand. New requirements have been aroused under the condition of constructing a new socialist countryside, however, it is quite obvious that"the Double Shortages"mentioned above can not meet with the requirement of constructing new countryside. Therefore, trains of thoughts of policy adjustment are proposed above two levels which are increasing rural financial supply and activating effective rural financial demand. Finally, utilizing the explorations and practices of SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RURAL BANK, the thesis lays out a conclusion that even under the condition of insufficient effective rural financial demand, increasing rural financial supply can also activate effective rural financial demand.This thesis contains the following seven chapters:Chapter1 is mainly about the introduction and consists of four aspects. Firstly, it presents the questions to be studied. Secondly, it lays a definite basic concept. Thirdly, it presents the framework and methods of study. Fourthly, it points out the probable creations and deficits of the study in the thesis.Chapter2 is mainly about the study of the theory, defining the concept of the finance in the countryside. It is also commented on the idea that finance works for the economical development as well as the idea how the agricultural finance supports the agricultural economical development.Chapter 3 is mainly about the requirement of the rural financial work under the condition of constructing new countryside, this chapter reviews the background where constructing new countryside was proposed as well as direction and contents of constructing new countryside, pointing out that new requirements of rural financial development have been proposed because of constructing new countryside, which can be embodied in these: Firstly, constructing new countryside asks for support of financial capital; secondly, it requires development level of rural finance suit that of rural economy; thirdly, it requires the marketing level of rural finance suit that of rural economy; fourthly, it provides the rural finance with opportunities of development.Chapter 4 is mainly about the financial organization and the financial supply of our countryside. In this chapter, reviewing the development and the process of reformation of finance of our countryside, it is analyzing the supplying condition of the financial organization, and pointing out the problems that existed in the supply of financial progress. Besides, there lies an analysis of the systematic cause of undersupplying of funds in countryside.Chapter 5 is mainly about the Chinese rural financial demands. In this chapter, there are tentative studies on the problems of rural financial demands, on the basis of a definite definition on what is so-called fund demand, financial demand as well as effective financial demand. In a conclusion: at present ,our country has a great demand for much more funds ,while we are still short of financial demand, especially the effective financial demand. The thesis has carried out an experience test and verification according to the statistics provided by SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RURAL BANK, and a further analysis to find out the cause of the insufficient effective financial demands.Chapter 6 is about rural financial reformation at the backdrop of constructing a new countryside. On the basis of the theories and practical example analysis studies in the previous chapters, the trains of thoughts of adjusting policies are proposed on two levels of increasing rural financial supply and improving effective rural financial demand.Chapter 7 is mainly about the rural financial demand and supply at the backdrop of constructing a new countryside. On the basis of exploiting and practice of SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RURAL BANK , the chapter has carried out an analysis on the rural financial demand and supply in the less developed area, having explored the supplying mode in the term of insufficient rural financial demand.The probable creative features of the thesis:1, At the background of China's constructing new countryside, the thesis carries out a fairly deep-going research of China's rural financial problems from a view of demand and supply, pointing out that new requirements of China's rural development have been proposed because of constructing new socialist countryside, however, the present situation where"the Double Shortages"i.e. China's rural financial supply and effective financial demand exist can not meet with the requirement of constructing new countryside.2, The trains of thoughts of adjusting policies are proposed above two levels of increasing rural financial supply and improving effective rural financial demand, the trains of thoughts of adjusting policies on the basis of supply include: the first is advancing reforms of property rights and reasonably disposing rural financial resources; the second is sticking to the reform direction of marketing while weakening the function of rural credit agencies"supporting agriculture"as a main force; the third is relaxing the financial restrictions while building up an enter-and-exit system in marketing; the fourth is redesigning the"public financial products"categories provided by governments to realize separating the political finance from the commercial finance; the fifth is exploring the running models and practice systems of political finance to fully bring the function of political finance into play; the sixth is advancing marketing reforms and developing middle-sized and small-sized rural financial organizations to make up a varied and competitory rural financial market.3, The thesis has carried out a tentative research of the problems of effective financial demands in Chinese countryside finance, clearly defining the concept of effective rural financial demands, having constructed a theoretical structure to analyze the rural financial demands and effective rural financial demands, and also having analyzed the credit counter-account of SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RUAL BANK and SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN CREDIT COMPANY to make an experience test and verification.4, The thesis carries out an exploration on the financial supply and demand problems at the background of constructing a new socialist countryside, in connection with the financial demand and supply situation in Sichuan Yilong County as well as the running practice of China's 1st rural bank i.e. SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RURAL BANK. It is pointed out that along with the advancement of constructing new countryside, some changes have taken place in rural financial demand in spite of the reality of insufficient effective financial demand in Yilong County; secondly, even under the condition of insufficient effective financial demand, increasing financial supply can also activate effective financial demand.5, In accordance with the running practice of SICHUAN YILONG HUIMIN RURAL BANK, the thesis carries out an exploration on rural financial supply models at the background of constructing new countryside, which mainly includes the following six aspects: the first is"3 organizations working in 1 group"to reorganize financial resources and strengthen financial supply; the second is consolidating"the cooperation between bank and government"to participate constructing new countryside and improve a full range of development in countryside; the third is popularizing the credit models e.g."enterprise plus farmer"and"enterprise plus association plus farmer"to support agricultural development and promote the traditional agriculture's transferring to modern agriculture; the fourth is holding founding a business-liaison man contact system to explore on the system of effective replacing mortgage; the fifth is holding shares of capital-mutual-help organization to support and direct the most basic microscopic financial activities in countryside; the sixth is exploring on the effective risk controlling system to control the risks in running.The problems needing further researches in the thesis:It is a necessity to further investigate and research the Chinese rural finance as well as to perfect the conclusion-"the insufficient effective rural financial demands"theoretically and practically. In the thesis, it is necessary to further research the supplying strategies under the conditions of insufficient effective financial demands as well as the train of thought, policies and measures of rural financial reforms. |
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