Study On The Construction Of China's Rural Financial System

The rural finance is the important factor of promoting increasing peasant income and rural economy development, what defect exists in present rural financial system inhibits Three Agricultural, especially peasant households' financing demand, and then influences the continued rapid growth of the social economy of our country, it seems particularly urgent to construct a high-efficient rural financial system with perfect function. This text finds contradiction of peasant household's financing demand and the financial supply while inhibiting from the rural finance on the basis of the behavioral visual angle of borrowing behavior of peasant household of Gansu, and how to realize balance of rural supply and demand of finance is regarded as key content of constructing rural financial system.Through making the analysis of basic side to the debt-credit characteristics of traditional 520 peasant households of agricultural district in Gansu, it can find that in debt-credit source, 167 peasant households have the debit and credit from the rural credit cooperative, only 32.12% takes place to peasant household's debit and credit, the total amount of the fund of debt-credit is only 1047500 Yuan, and 302 peasant households have debit and credit from folk finance, it is 58.07% that the rate of peasant household's debit and credit takes place, the total amount of fund of the debit and credit reaches 1939975 Yuan; In debt-credit lines, debt-credit amount of money above 6000 Yuan from rural credit cooperative,- peasant household mentioned, have 30 only, but debt-credit amount of money above 6000 Yuan from folk finance,- peasant household mentioned, there are 108; in Fund invest respect of debt-credit, put into non-agricultural production field, the total value of the fund is up to 927000 Yuan, 63.16% of fund of debt-credit comes from rural credit cooperative among them, but in living expenditure, up to 313 peasant households borrow 1615325 Yuan among them up to 83.40% of fund is raised through the way of folk private finance. Therefore, folk finance is more accessible among the rural households, its debt-credit line is relatively great, and mainly satisfies living expenditure, but the rural credit cooperative comparatively supports small productive debit and credit.In chickens—raised demonstration pilot project, households of raising chicken borrow 49250 Yuan on average, far higher than 12283 Yuan from peasant households without raising chicken and 6272 Yuan from traditional peasant household. Although fund from folk finance occupies 24.88% only, households of raising chickens borrow 25361 Yuan on average, far higher than 7927 Yuan from peasant households without raising chicken and 6424 Yuan from traditional peasant household. It is obvious that rural credit cooperation and folk finance are inclined to grant households of raising chickens with great debt-credit line, And the small credit of NGO credit project pilot project has the strongest acquired character, but only supplies litter credit line, peasant households from processing industry acquire bigger credit line, however, there is only 3160 Yuan.Through statistics of rural FIR data from Gansu in 2003-2007, find its relevant rates of financial assets are in 2006 mostly lower than the average national level, it is only 198%, lower by 39% than the average national level, and 2007, the higher, but still lower by 19% than the average national level, obviously, it is comparatively insufficient in the intensity of what the rural finance of Gansu deepens. The data on the financial yearbook of Gansu demonstrate all kinds of rural financial institutions whose the service function could be very weak in 2007, Postal Savings Bank stores without borrowing, fund of 16,054 million Yuan flows out in vain; the agricultural development bank grants the loan of 12,361 million Yuan for business only limited to the grain, cotton and oil, which accounts for 76.23% of all loan, and their dull accounts are too many, the loss of the previous year in unsettled account and unreasonably accounted for the fund has been up to 4,428 million Yuan, accounts for 33.15% of all loan that year; The agricultural bank's Deposit-loan Difference occupies the first of the same trade or business, has 25,468 million Yuan, and its agricultural loan's only 1,788 million Yuan, accounts for 4.06% of every loan. Effort is very weak to support agriculture in credit; the rural credit cooperation whose credit assets are inferior in quality, the non-performing loan classified by five grades has 8,400 million Yuan which accounts for 24.40% of all loan, the performance is not good, net profit is 183 million Yuan. It can be judged that the serious inhibition of supply still exists in the rural finance of Gansu on the whole. Then, overcome the bottleneck of the rural monetary supply system, and reconstruct the new rural banking system, so that rural supply and demand of credit funds adjusts to the balanced state.In order to reconstruct the new rural banking system, arranging functions of supply according to rural financial demand, confirm the structure according to the transaction cost, combine market mechanism with property right reform, motivate all kinds of financial subjects in the countryside and promote its supply ability. In the construction principle of the new rural banking system, there are financial sustainable development principle based on service for Three Agriculture, the principle balanced between rural financial total amount and rural financial structure, the pluralistic principle of finance institution combined the property right innovation with market regulation. on the concrete imagination that the rural financial system constructs, suggestions are put forward such as expand the supporting peasant household financial business of policy finance; popularize the market supporting peasant household model of the commercial finance; insist on property right reform and supporting peasant household business innovation of cooperative finance; standardize the folk finance and excavate the supporting peasant household potentiality of the mutual aid association; develop new banking institution in order to promote the service space of supporting peasant household.