Study On Public Participation In Land Use Planning

Land, regarded as a kind of natural resources that can be used by human being, is most basic and precious in people's life, for it must be passed down from generation to generation as the foundation of existence and re-production. Compared with other resources, land is remarkably featured by excessive demand on limited supply. In order to coordinate and equilibrate the relationship between land supply and demand, land use planning, by which people can regulate land use rationally, emerges at the very moment. Theoretically speaking, land use planning is featured obviously by policy, and it has been a tool of public policy for government on some degree. As a policy tool, it focuses more on relevant plannings on behalf of various interest bodies. So that land use planning needs to think about different interests among all the people, further more, the collaboration of all the interest bodies. In terms of the specific planning and detail planning, the public participation is absolutely necessary on the study of interest equilibrium in land use. On the other hand , land use planning, viewed as a particular field in public policy, needs all its participants be entitled equal right on both joining and decision-making in order to promote the democratization in planning. Therefore, the study on public participation in land use planning should be given great attention.Though some instructive exploration has been carried on in the particular field at all aspects in our country, it is just in the experiment period, focusing more on the tool use, and less on value assessment in theory and methods of public participation in land use planning, hardly the use of theory in practice.It is much necessary to completely study public participation in land use planning in view of the influence of theory basis, method, regulation, administration and so on ; New-round revising policy fixes public participation, expert's argument and government decision to be juxtaposed, highlighting the urgency of this problem. Therefore, this paper draws lessons from foreign more mature theories and method system of public participation in the land use planning, systematically studying theory basis, influencing factors, mechanism research, frame construction and so on. Through studying and resolving the fair problem in revising and implementing land use planning, this paper provides countermeasure for the scientific-making and democratization in revising land use planning, provides measures and methods for public participation in the land use planning, promotes public participation, helping to revise and implement the third-round land use planning.The content is composed of the theoretical basis,present situation and influential factors, and the principle analysis & mechanism construction of public participation in land use planning. There are 8 chapters totally in the paper, and it can be divided into 4 parts: firstly, study of correlated theory on public participation in land use planning; Secondly, research of mechanism construction on public participation in land use planning; Thirdly, the application of mechanism in public participation; Finally, the conclusion and suggestions based on the above study.The rise of public participation is the result of the reaction of two kinds of social ethos and practice: firstly, due to the influence of liberalism reviving and international civil rights movement, public's ego consciousness start awakening , putting forward the request of the ego rights to the society, and being embodied in the aspect of the government and the system as public opinion; Next, planning circles starts self-questioning as the result of the appearance of planning disadvantages and the influence of diversified thoughts. The justice theory, the consultation democracy theories, civil society theory and participation stairs theory etc. not only deepen the theories and means of public participation in land use planning , but also push forward the development of public participation continuously through the close combination of social economic and political system . In our country, public participation has already developed in certain degree, and is subjected to the society development, economic factor, culture tradition and psychology factor etc.Our country is in the fast social transformation period. This is the key period of constructing the harmonious society that owns the democracy rule of law, fair justice, trust affection, energy, stability and harmony between human being and nature. Thus a strategic opportunity's period requires us paying attention to economic construction and in the same time particularly paying attention to the social fair problem in the process of revising and implementing land use planning. The government should think much of social fair problem in the height of the reform development overall situation, taking valid measure, making an effort to resolve social unjust phenomenon and decrease the social cost. In the meantime, current social unjust problem in China appears in the process of development, should be resolved with the way of the development. Realizing fair in the process of revising and implementing land use planning should also consider this background.Western nation's planning revision process from top to bottom, from bottom to top and combining top and bottom, gives us certain apocalypse. The public participation in the land use planning has already got a high value, and obtained certain success. But because of the dissimilarity of political system between our country and western country, and traditional thought influence etc. we need to continuously investigate and innovate in participating method and system , based on drawing foreign and domestic historical lessons.The frame of public participation in land use planning should include the following contents: Who to participate, which contents to participate, through what channel to participate, what period to participate, what way and manner to participate, these are all the core problem of public participation.The demonstration research expresses that it is not feasible to copy public participation system and procedure of Euro-American nations. Considering our country's actual situation, we should seek after the public participation system and organization adapt to our country's situation. The key problem that our country should study in the planning of public participation consist what participation way should be taken and how to make participation effective in the process of revising and implementing planning.From above research, some conclusions are achieved:Firstly, Firstly, letting the public directly participate the establishment and management of the land use planning, concerning and protecting their benefits, can strengthen their sense of responsibility, making the planning have higher maneuverability; Extending and applying participated planning method can increase the public's mobilizing efficiency, and have an important function in the land use planning. Traditional method, process, idea of planning is changed or updated by public participation in land use planning, which is very important to realize rationality and scientificity in planning decision-making.Secondly, Public participation in land use planning helps realize right justice, benefit equilibrium and civil rights. As a power institution, public participation exists by abstract mechanism of power function, and emerges by concrete democratization in land use planning. Public participation in planning helps realize interest justice by its equilibrium, i.e. intra& trans-generational justice.Thirdly, Mechanism of public participation consists of goal setting, mode selection, procedure establishment, methods analysis , valuation system design and so on. Who participate, which contents of participation, by what channel to participate, what time to participate, what means and what effect of participation, these all are core problems of public participation.Fourthly, public participation of land use planning is established on the basis of social politic economy culture . The mode of public participation is also restricted by social politic and culture condition which is decided by economic structures. In the light of the classification of public participation mode ( traditional mode, administration-dominant mode, public and government together participation mode and public-completely-dominant participation mode ), administration-dominant mode should be taken at the moment .To promote public participation, the mode of publicparticipation should be guided and promoted to higher level——public and governmenttogether participation mode and public-completely-dominant participation mode .Fifthly, China land use planning is in the period of continuously developing and improving and have a good beginning, but participation degree stays at the phase of formalization idea, and public participation in the true sense has not achieved. Public participation taking effect completely is still to await time.Based on the above-mentioned research result, The article proposes some policy suggestions for public participation of land use planning in the days, including: building the political culture being favor of public participation on the idea level, further improving institutional system of public participation on the institutional level, supplying the fundamental condition for public participation on the technique, and so on.