| A nationality that thinks in a leading position in the world is a great nationality. A nationality without thought is a nationality without brilliant future. Poverty is a strategic topic in the progress of China's building a well-off society in an all-round way. Poverty remains a global problem of huge proportions. The significance of the research on poverty cannot be stressed too strongly. "Poverty amid plenty is the world's greatest challenge", stated the World Bank in the preface of World Development Report 2000/2001. Poverty is also the greatest challenge facing the Chinese construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the Global Conference on Scaling Up Poverty Reduction on May 26, 2004, saying China will contribute its share in maintaining world peace and promoting common development through continuing actions in poverty reduction and consistent pursuit of peace, development and prosperity. A world that is free of poverty with prosperity enjoyed by all is a dream and continuous practice in mankind's pursuit of justice, equity and equality. To eliminate poverty is a shared holy responsibility of all the countries and the international community.The theory and practical background of the extraction of China's patterns of rural poverty-relief is the process of anti-poverty development of Chinese rural area, surging forward with great momentum. The proposal of the patterns of poverty-relief and development marks the matureness of the practice of poverty-relief. For summarizing the practice of poverty-relief of Chinese rural area for decades, it is the most appropriate penetrating point to research the patterns of poverty-relief. It will probably be an important emblem of breakthrough development of poverty-relief theory. Theoretically, China's poverty-relief arouses extensive attention and high appraisal of the world. The China's poverty-relief patterns have also been approved by the international organization and domestic academic circle. However, what on earth are the main patterns of Chinese rural poverty-relief and development? What is the distinctive feature of these patterns? What are their functions? How to innovate? All these problems need further research. To research the problems, it can not only enrich the theory of rural poverty-relief, but also perfect the related theories of development economics. It will enlighten deep research on the track of China's rural reform and development for over twenty years and further innovation of poverty-relief thought in new situation. It will also be an important devotion for the theoretical research on poverty-relief theory of the world. Practically, the research on the patterns of rural poverty-relief and development will promote China's poverty-relief and development, enlarge the international communication and cooperation in the sphere of anti-poverty and contribute much to the global cause of poverty reduction.The Chinese Government has made eye-catching achievements in poverty relief. The number of the country's absolute poor has decreased from 250 million in 1978 to 23.65 million by the end of 2005. However, the cause of poverty alleviation still faces a new protracted challenge. Problems like low efficiency in carrying out poverty reducing programs have been existing since the beginning of this century. The remaining poverty-stricken people are usually in a border situation of bad natural and social economic conditions. More powerful methods must be developed to knock the nuts in poverty fighting, especially the strategic innovation of patterns. On the theme of China's patterns of poverty-relief, the paper is intended to breakthrough research on poverty and to improve the development of the poor economics.Taking Marxism, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, "Three Represenive Thoughts "and the scientific development concept as guide, the article strives to research the problem from a higher and wider angle. It studies the past, present and future from view of time; it proposes measures for the innovation of poverty-relief pattern making use of the scientific development concept from view of space, including the poor area in the West of China, the country and the world. It adopts ways of combination of history and reality, qualitative and quantitative methods, and macro-research and micro-analysis. In brief, the paper studies comprehensively the development economics, economic sociology, and metrology economics, etc. Analyzing major patterns in an all-round way, it grasps the essence and concludes strategic thinking of universality and guidance. It is to afford references for the strategic decision concerning poverty-relief and development cause of China.The paper studies with four arrangements of ideas as follows: first, research on the background of innovation of the poverty-relief patterns, including the theoretical and practical backgrounds; second, research on the general thinking of innovation of the poverty-relief patterns, dealing mainly with how to guide the innovation of the poverty-relief patterns with the scientific development concept; third, research on major patterns of the general thinking of the innovation of the poverty-relief patterns, including poverty-relief pattern of "a body with two wings", scientific pattern, cultural pattern and rural tourism pattern; fourth, research related countermeasures on innovation of the poverty-relief patterns, including the conditions for the poverty-relief patterns' selection, evaluation of the achievements and consolidation of benefits of the poverty-relief patterns.First of all, the paper defines poverty-related concepts. It indicates that poverty is not only a common and usual economic phenomenon, but also a social problem with complicated connotation. It is significant to explore the property of essence and profound reasons and compare different anti-poverty patterns under certain historical condition for recognizing and solving the poverty problem comprehensively and deeply. It also indicates that a complete and broad pattern of poverty-relief should include four essential sectors, which are the policy decision of anti-poverty, resource transmission of poverty alleviation, concrete benefiting methods for the impoverished people or region and supervision and assessment on the whole process and result, namely four systems of decision, transmission, acceptance and supervision. The paper has initially assessed major patterns of poverty-relief and development and laid a foundation for further analysis.Secondly, the paper studies the background of the innovation of the poverty-relief pattern. There are three main points: our country has achieved great success in the poverty-relief and development; it is also a major contribution to the global cause of poverty reduction; since the poverty alleviation of our country still faces a severe challenge of low efficiency in carrying out poverty reducing programs, it is necessary to perfect and innovate the patterns of poverty-relief.Thirdly, the paper selects representative patterns of poverty-relief of our country for research. It analyzes these patterns' characteristics, success and insufficiency, and perfection and innovation. The selection includes poverty-relief pattern of advancing for a whole village as "a body with two wings", industrialized pattern, labor-transferred pattern, scientific pattern, cultural pattern and rural tourism pattern. These patterns represent the main orientation towards perfection and innovation although there are still some patterns not being analyzed because of limited space.Finally, the paper studies the countermeasures for innovation of the poverty-relief patterns, including basis for selection, evaluation of the achievements and supervision on effects of the poverty-relief patterns.Comparing with related research results, the paper boasts innovation and unique understanding as follows:The first is innovation of the research angle. It observes the change of China's poverty-relief patterns from several important stages of the country's poverty-relief and development. Putting the patterns into the total situation of our country's economic development and the developing environment of the world's economic development, it explores how to make further perfection and innovation through the successful experiences of poverty-relief patterns.The second is making use of metrology model to analyze the problem of low efficiency in poverty reducing programs in recent years. It indicates there are four stages of China's poverty-relief since 1978. The input for anti-poverty has rapidly increased from 1986 to 1996. Analyzing the numerical relations between the anti-poverty input and the net income of the poverty-stricken population and the rural families, we can see the input results' point of inflexion was in 1996. When the anti-poverty input increased by 1%, the agriculture increment was 1.26% from 1986 to 1996, but only 0.29% from 1997 to 2004. According to the marginal analysis, no matter calculated with the prices in those years or constant prices, the population shaking off poverty has been rapidly dropped while the country's funds for poverty reduction increase every 100 million Yuan since 1996.The third is indicating the innovation of the poverty-relief pattern. Guided by the scientific development concept, it is essential to take people-oriented as the core ideology, quality-improving as the strategic key factor, the market mechanism as an important lever, the rural households taking part in anti-poverty as an inner motive, and the transfer of the peasant's status as an important avenue of the innovation of the poverty-relief pattern.The fourth is proposing main contents of the innovation of the poverty-relief pattern. It includes: the connotation of poverty-relief is to be developed, the main body is to be diversified, the object is to be widened, the method is to be improved, the effect is to be supervised, and the mechanism is to be perfected, etc.The fifth is proposing unique opinion on the main orientation towards the perfection and innovation of the representative poverty-relief patterns of our country, especially pattern of advancing for a whole village as "a body with two wings", industrialized pattern, labor-transferred pattern, scientific pattern, cultural pattern and rural tourism pattern.It is of great significance to construct a high-efficiency organization for improving results of the poverty alleviation funds and speeding up the impoverished region and poverty-stricken population's shaking off poverty and building up a fortune while exploring efficient pattern of poverty-relief in impoverished region in the new situation. There are a lot of problems worthy to be approached but not mentioned in this paper such as comparison between China's pattern and foreign patterns, and relationship between the rural system reform's deepening and the poverty-relief patterns' innovation. The author will learn from experts and scholars for probing into research on these problems in the future academic career. |
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