| Since the intermediate stages of 1980s, our country rural labor force massively initiated directly to the city and the non- agricultural domain, and this shift caused the profound reform of economic structure and social structure. This article studies the problem of countryside surplus labor force shift It proposes and discusses the strategies and ways of countryside surplus labor force shift under the background of speeding up the reform and open policy and constructing harmonious society. And this investigation is from the angle of politics and multi-disciplinary synthesis.This article is composed of four major parts:The first chapter is the introductory remarks, briefly talking about the significance of selected topic, making clear the basic bone, the mentality and the methods of the research, this chapter Proposed that the countryside surplus labor force shifts from the agriculture to the work boundary productivity relative high non- agriculture employment had the positive influence of, increasing the agriculture to deliver the total quantity, improving the fanner quality and the income, speeding up industrialization and city and countryside integration advancement. Besides it proposed that the research of the question of the countryside surplus labor force shift was the intrinsic request of the agricultural sustainable development and it is also the need of promoting the city and countryside overall plan, and constructing harmonious society, at last it is the essential need of constructing the comprehensive well-off society's.The Second chapter, combs the concepts of the countryside surplus labor force and the countryside surplus labor force shift, and proposed the historical inevitability countryside surplus labor force shift, on the basis of conducting the document research of the differentcountries such as England, Japan, South Korea and so on, this chapter proposes the similarities and differences of countryside surplus labor force shift in China and the West. It is pointed out that although the result was because of developing productive force sand the industrialization acceleration advancement But in the initial period of the western nation Industrialization, farmer stepping into cities supposed one premise: although differences between countries and cities exist, the countryside employment quite is full, the fanner 'income is not lower than the city, fanners who have motive of shifting are only the partial. Therefore, the western nations, for example England, realize the countryside surplus labor force shift often by the appearance of violence form. Forming the sharp contrast with this, although contradictory between people and land is prominent, and there are massive surplus labor forces in the countryside, this kind of labor force surplus, is not in the form of partial farmers' unemployment, but in the form of universal unemployment or the form of latent surplus. In countryside each labor force is latent one flowing out Looking from the microscopic process angle, this kind of flows is not the response of the massive rural labor under the condition of surplus, but the response of paperization under the conditions of the labor force massive surplus. Because of this difference between town and country, since the period of the reforming and open policy, our country countryside surplus labor force shift has been basically gentle and orderly is under the policy impetus.The Third chapter, briefly reviews the historical characteristics of our country countryside surplus labor force shift, and evaluates the shift patterns. The key is to analyze the reasons of cutting off our country countryside surplus labor force shift This article basing on the induction analysis of the survival conditions of the countryside surplus labor force, proposed the basic reason of restricting our country countryside surplus labor force shift. On the one hand, it is the city and countryside dual system. This article believed that, after the founding of our country, for the realization of Chinese industrialization style and the goal ofcivilization, we has formed policy of industrial capital income assignment, investment assignment, labor force employment and so on. Coordinating the city and countryside population control policy, we have established the labor employment system the city welfare system, the strict domicile system, and the cities' supply system. This complete dual system frame still greatly hindered our country countryside surplus labor force reasonably to flow. On the other hand, this article also proposed that, the countryside property right and the function also are also important restriction factors. In this aspect, we in particular take the land collective ownership as representative. Our country' present countryside agrarian policy is under the responsibility system of contracting. In System of Land ownership, its owner is the county, the villages, town, government, or the administrative village;it does not have answer until now. The land property right is not clear and it affects civilization the advancement of civilization directly, because the overwhelming areas asked hat the farmers become citizens, they will not have the right of owning land. Farmers get nothing after entering the city. So they are unable to give up the land voluntarily, and it is impossible to realize the shift smoothly.The Fourth chapter to chapter eight is mis article center of this article, these parts discuss carefully The basic ways of solving our countryside surplus labor force shift, generally speaking, it can be divided into three aspects: first, about the carrier research of countryside surplus labor force mobile. This question involves the choices of the Chinese urbanization patterns. This article believed that, the small cities developmental strategy is in fact one kind of urbanized pattem drifting outside the industrialization advancement, and departing from the laws of economic development. Theory and the practice can prove that, it must carry on themselves-criticism to it now, and establish the urbanized pattem of "big or media-sized cities and small cities communal development". Second, it is about the research of city and countryside social security integration. Formerly many researches believed that,the land has entrusted with the farmer by the social security function, and according to this our government does not bring the countryside surplus labor force into the social security system. This is the most important reason that creates the countryside surplus labor force having "the non- national treatment". This article believed that, the social security has clear direction and strict limits, it has the characteristics of determinism, risklessness, but contrasting with the three basic characteristics of social security, the farming and the social security have the archery target difference. From the natural attribute, the farming only is a kind o f thing that the farmer pays the rent and get the essential resources of agricultural product;from the economical attribute, it is land contracting thing which the farmer and the country signs;Looked from the political attribute, the land had reflected one kind of relation of exchanging and assigning, the country exchange land with farmer's tax, and the agricultural civil work and the producer goods investment adding taxes exchange for the production surplus. Therefore, the land' safeguard function, is not direct, and Independent, and it does not have the integrity social security characteristics. What It gives the farmer is the traditional, the sole family self- safeguard. The essence is taking the land as the central non- regular safeguard. And, since the intermediate stages of 1980s, the absolute income of agriculture management has been lower and lower. In some places, the agriculture management even absolutely loses money. Farming already presents "negative efficiency", the function of countryside land safeguard was degenerating gradually. Therefore, the reason preventing the countryside surplus labor force entering the cities because of the land safeguard function is untenable. Based on this kind of analysis, this article proposed the pattern of linking up the city and countryside social security system. Third, it is the research of fanner resident question. This article believed that, as a social group, the countryside surplus labor force is transforming to the working class, and the survival condition is transforming to resident. To solve the rural labor force shift problem Fundamentally, we must jump out the countryside,with the aid of in the industrialization and the urbanized impetus, make the countryside surplus labor force transform to the residents at the aspect of status, values, social right as well as production life style and so on, to realize the social vicissitude of city civilization. This article carry on the analysis of the phenomenon of "the laborer uncultivated land" Which happened in the southeast of our country 'with processing manufacturing industry from the second half year of 2003 to the first year of 2004 Pointing out that "the laborer uncultivated land" caused comprehensively the rises of the firewood pressure, the quite possible consequence is to increase the labor force cost, harm the competitive power of Chinese industry product. The capital can give the government this kind of pressure conduction by improving the form of the soft environment request government to reduce the cost of the discrimination of laborers. The most important thing is opening the city gate, and canceling the household register system step by step facing the question of "the grain security" which is the worry of very many researchers. This article thinks that in the time of economical globalization, whether a national economy should take the agriculture as the foundation is decided by this country' agricultural product total quantity which occupies in the international market and the competitive ability of the agricultural product, which occupies in the international market, and it is not decided by this country' population, it is also not decided by agricultural population. Our country's grain does not have the competitive advantage in the international market, and the grain price outdoes the world market price by 20%-50%. Looking From the negotiations of joining WTO, many countries with small population and rich resource of land such as US, Canada, Australia, Mexico and the European Union's countries all extremely pay much attention to China, the big market of agricultural products, and have formed the competition pattern. Any country wants to restrict China in the grain question, so other countries then can seize the chance but to enter, and expand its agricultural product share in the Chinese market share. Therefore it is in fact no need to exaggerateChina's grain security problem in the theory and practice, and it will be able to cause the deviation in policy-making inevitably. Basing on this foundation, this article further proposes the farmer resident's basic steps.The research method of this paper .It is the combination of theory with practice, qualitative with quantitative study. With certain materials as the foundation, the study seeks an objective, systemic and comprehensive approach. As for research method, the study combines historical analysis with situational analysis, static with dynamic, contrastive with real diagnosis. Being a comprehensive, social and political issue, the shift of countryside surplus labor force can not be dealt with by a single discipline. Therefore, this study is destined to be a cross-disciplinary one from theory to practice, absorbing the theory achievements from economics, sociology and demography, etc.
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