| Water is life sources of the mankind and other biological lives on the earth. It is life resource, basic resource and strategic resource. It is resource of other resources. It is the important material base of the social development. It is concerned economic, social and ecological sustainable development directly. It is global key resource in 21st century. Human development and progress face four big problems of population expansion, resource shortage, deterioration of the environment and ecological disruption. These four big problems have close relations with water. The big flood, the aridity, the worsening water environmental quality and the soil erosion often interfere or restrict the social economic development process of a country (or the area). That is the four big water problems which people speak often "water more", "water little", "water dirty" and "water mix". The water resource crisis of China is not only very outstanding, but also already become the fundamental limiting factor in economic growth and modernization development. Because the water resource idea lags behind, the behavior using water is improper, the efficiency of management of water resource is low, it is wasted that the ones that cause the water resource are enormous. The water resource crisis is heavier in our country. The system factor is a fundamental reason to cause the water resource crisis. Government's omission causes the property right of water resource to be fuzzy. The market lacking causes the water resource to be abused. The invalid plan causes water resource distribution confusion. The origin of the Chinese water resource question is not to lack the engineering measure, but has not set up the system frame that promotes advanced, high-efficient and fine technology of economizing water and managing pollution etc. to use on a large scale.It is not all enough that settlement of the Chinese water problem depends on planning or depending on market regulation simply, the more important thing is that sets up the water resource property relations which suits our country's national conditions on the basis of the thing that define water right clearly, restrain through the strict system, standardize the economic behavior of the economic bodies, achieve the utilization efficiency of improving the water resource and purpose of the protection water environment. Arranging through the effective system offers a basic frame in water resources utilization and cooperation for people. It can standardize the economic relation of people, carry on the supervision to people's behavior with water, lead the external interests of the economicbodies to internalization, improve the utilization efficiency of the water resource and protect water environment. So ensuring the water resource security relies on the compound and complicated system arrangement.The basic thinking of the design of water resource security of system is how to internalize the positive and negative external effects and avoid "the tragedy of the commons". This will make up a whole water resource institutional system. This institutional system regards property right system of water resource as the core. In this institutional system, water resource management system is as the prerequisite, water right trade and water resource market system is as the basin, the water price system is as the means. The legal supervisory system of water resource is as the guarantee. The water resource civilization system is as the condition at last.This thesis regards the economics theory of Marxism and scientific development view as guidance, draw lessons from property rights economics, system economics, resource economics, relevant theories of the game theory, based on the norm analysis and positive research, use the method that the theory combines with practice, make every effort to stand in the front of the theory and practice of water resource, proceed from essential feature of water resource, study and probe into the water resource problem and water resource system with the economics method, propose the countermeasure and suggestion of feasibility.This text is formed by six parts altogether:First part is the introduction. As the starting of the thesis, this part has been commented to selected title background, selected title meaning and research dynamic status of this research. This part lay out the crisis of water resource, open out the system bugs of the water resource management and put forward the research methodology. And this part also simply introduced the ways of research, technique, content and structure, difficulty and innovation.Second part is chapter one. The content of this part is the supply and demand analysis of water resources of China and the challenge of China facing. This part firstly discussed the basic conception and character. Secondly has described the water resource state at present of China, and make a prediction to the development and utilization of water resources in the future. There are crises to propose the Chinese water resource. The intension and characteristic of the water resource are starting point and foundation that this study, The development and innovation of the system of water resource are all to stem from the correct understanding to the naturally, social economic characteristic of water resource. The water resource system innovation of this discourse structures is takingintension and characteristic of the water resource as basic basis and starting point. The research of the current situation of Chinese water resource and supply and demand trend are realistic foundations, it is a precondition of structuring the water resource system.Third part is chapter two. The content of this part is water resource theoretical foundation of the system study. This seal of contents are the theoretical foundation that every chapter is studied. Relevant theory of water resource such as sustainable development theory, circle economics, property rights economics, system economics, resource economics, value theory, etc. have been explained.The fourth part is chapter three. The content of this part is China current water resource system arranges for with world drawing lessons. This seal of contents describe the problem that China's current water resource system faces, it is an only way of realizing sustainable development of water resource to put forward the system innovation of water resource, it is to after foreshadowing and reality not that document expound the fact prepare. This part has introduced the foreign experience of some national water resource management and water resource system, as the reference of Chinese water resource system innovation.The fifth part is chapter four, chapter five, chapter six, chapter seven, chapter eight and chapter nine. The system frame of water resource is designed and specified, is the subject part of a thesis. Chapter four is the management system arranges of water resource. Chapter five is property right system arranges of water resource. Chapter six is market system arranges of water resource. Chapter seven is the system arranges of the price of water resource. Chapter eight is the legal supervisory system arranges of water resource. Chapter nine is the cultural system arranges of water resource. This part analyses the institutional obstacle existing in water resource management from such angles as the management, water right, marketing, price, legal supervision and culture, etc. separately, propose the frame of system innovation. Among them the property rights of water resource are key systems of the water resource system, the definition of water right is the key content of water right system.The sixth part is the last speech. The content of this part is countermeasure and suggestion of system innovation of water resource. To the water resource system frame system that is structured above, put forward concrete countermeasure and suggestion of establishing the system of system of water resource.The difficult point of this research lies in the water resource problem is one and complicated problem. There are very many factors influencing water resource management. It is very miscellaneous to concern, the appraisal and structuring andbringing the enormous difficulty again on the water resource system. So the basic thought studied must look for the most key factor from various kinds of complicated relations, this requires that must realize the nature of the water resource question and grasp relevant materials of water resource clearly in a large amount. Meanwhile, the research of the water resource problem involves multi-disciplinary, multi-field, multi-level synthesizing alternately, demands to understand and grasp the knowledge in such a lot of disciplines as economics, management, law science, resource studying, environmental science, engineering, etc. in an all-round way. In addition, the market-based degree of water resource management is very low. It is all in the reform pilot project in water right trade and management of water market. Many theories and practices are all still at probing into stage. About the treatises of the water resource mostly proceed from the angles of the project and technology examining closely describing with irrigation works personnel's eyes. How to combine multi-disciplinarily is it analyz from system economics, property right economics, resource economics and public angle of management system obstacle of water resource have sure degree of difficulty to come.This research tries hard to innovate to some extent in several following respects:1 -, Use the productivity characteristic determinism of Marxism, proceed from essential feature of water resource and relevant factor of water resource, study the problem of water resource and water resource system with the economics method .2> The basic way to propose solving the water resource problem on the basis of theoretics and practice is the system innovation of water resource.3 > Proceed from attribute of water and analyses and research water right to define initially, the water trade system of designing transformation period of the present stage of our country.4^ Structure the new frame of the water resource system rationally, regard water right system as the core, have explained the system innovation of water resource from such a lot of respects as the management system of water resource and system innovation ,etc.
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