Research On Institution Innovation Of Non-public Forestry In China

Strengthening ecological construction and safeguarding the ecology safety are the common theme that the mankind faced and also the important foundation of social and economic sustainable development in the 21st century in China. The forest is a subject of a land eco-system and an important source of the public goods and a basic industry,undertaking ecological construction and forestry products supply are an important task. The forestry is a very great job. Relying mainly on public ownership and developing the other ownership forms are a basic economic policy in our country. The 16th Chinese National Congress of the Communist Party pointed out clearly that: "Must encourage,support and guide the development of non-public economy impregnably". (It is impregnable to encourage, support and guide the development of non-public economy.) Developing non-public forestry has an important function to the development of forestry in a leap-type style and to build the beautiful mountains and rivers. This research uses classical economics, institution economics, legal economics and modern forestry's economic theories to analyze the forming and mechanism of the non-public forestry's institutional obstacles. Regarded institution of proprietary as the core, taken cost-income as the thread,defined the concept of non-public forestry subsidizes and compensates, and according to the efficiency principle of market economy,this paper establishes a set of systems that accord with the non-public forestry's development to dispel the non-public forestry institutional obstacles and to coordinate the non-public forestry with the public-owned forestry policies and to offer both theoretic supports and policy suggestions. The text is formed by 8 chapters. Chapter 1, Introduction. This chapter mainly explains the title selection background, researching purpose and meanings; defines the research ranges; brief surveys the domestic and international research dynamic status; states the research thought, methods and possible innovations. Chapter 2, Non-Public Forestry Institution Innovation Summary. This chapter mainly defines the intension of non-public economy, points out the status and function of developing non-public economy; proves the intension of the non-public forestry; introduces briefly the historical development of the non-public forestry and its current situation, explains the meaning of developing non-public forestry, the concept and functions of its institution, institution innovation; introduces procedures and methods of its institution; analyses the hindrance and content of non-public forestry institution innovation . Chapter 3, Combing of Current Non-public Forestry Institution. This chapter has carried on brief analysis to the current main institutions that influence non-public forestry development, which purpose is to establish a preparation for non-public forestry institution innovation. It firstly introduces the origin of the institution of deforestation quota; and comments both its positive functions and negative effects, and also points out that the deforestation quota institution violates the objective of the market economic development. It is one of the bottlenecks restraining development of non-public forestry. Secondly, it analyzes the taxation institution of non-public forestry, and introduces briefly current kinds of expenses and taxation and tax collection proportions of forestry in our country, points out that there are too many expenses and taxation of forestry, which leads the forest to produce with no profits, and the factors of production of the forestry, especially the fund, to be unable to flow into the production of forestry. It advocates drawing lessons from them and referring some policies of the expenses and taxation of forestry internationally, and creating tax institution of forestry with Chinese characteristics. Analyzed the ecological compensation of non-public institution of forest, it introduces our country's present tentative forest ecological compensate institution, and points out that the present ecological compensation institution has ignored the compensation of the non-public forestry, our country should make a compensate institution to encourage non-public forestry according to the requirements of its development. Finally, it appraises forestry's investment institution and introduces forestry's investment institution history and current situations, and analyzes its existing problem in our country, and proposes that the ecological public welfare forest construction should be taken as the core by government, the goods forest should be built relying mainly on the market. Chapter 4, Lessons Drawn From Foreign Non-Public Forestry Institutions. Some foreign private forest developing history is long and its relevant institutions are sounded, it is necessary to draw lessons from the foreign non-public forestry institutions and to contribute to our institution's setting up to meet international standards. This part introduces the privately-owned forest institutions of U.S.A., Sweden, Japan, South Korea, and sums up foreign succeeded private forest institution experiences as its paying attention to its legal construction and institution to rule the behaviors of the privately-owned forest; protecting the property right of privately-owned forest, the government's appropriate compensation to the losses to the privately owned forest caused by the government forestry controlling; itsmeasures of economic aids and forestation cost replenishing, its expense and taxation reducing or exempting, long-term low-interest loan offering and forestry managing by introducing contracts. Chapter 5, The Innovative Frame of Non-Public Forestry's Institutions. This chapter describes that the principles of non-public forestry's institution innovation mainly are: protecting the private property; relaxing the forestry controlling and utilizing the principle of efficiency. It also analyzes the demands of forestry's institution innovation as: the demand of forest right institution, the forestry's financing institution demand and simulating institution demand. It also structures the institution frame of non-public institution innovation, i.e., setting up the forest institution of non-public goods centered subsidizing the forestry, and institution of non-public public welfare forest centered government procurement; it also proposes the aim of non-public forestry's institution innovation and its value orientation and ten major measures. Chapter 6, The Institution Innovation of Non-Public Goods Forestry. The non-public goods forestry is an industry that meets the market economy demands, which produces timber and other economic products. It has the characteristics of long production cycle, high risk and straight exterior etc. Current non-public goods forestry institution has the drawback of severe tight controlling, poor protection for property rights, heavy expenses and taxation etc.. The non-public goods forestry must implement marketization and industrialization, and relax the forestry governance, and reduce government interference to set up a goods forestry subsidizing institution which is centered the forestry aids, taxes and fee reducing, land rent reducing and long-time loan providing aimed at raising the internal rate of return of commodity forestry. Chapter 7, The Institution Innovation of Non-Public Public Welfare Forest. The non-public public welfare forest refers to the non-public public forestry that provides the ecological products to the country to meet the social ecological demand. Current non-public public welfare forest institution is incomplete; lacking funds, implementing strict planned management, weak in its expenditure. The non-public public welfare forest institution innovation must insist on the market-based road of the public welfare forest producing, and introduce the market competition mechanism, and handle the interest relations three parts as government, forest owner and the public correctly, and set up the institution of government procurement centered the government procurement, and the institution of compensating the public used or leased welfare forest; implement project bid to current forestry's ecological construction, support and encourage the main body of the non-public forestry participate in forestry's ecological engineering construction; base lowest qualified bid price on the averagesocial cost that the ecological public welfare forest is made. Chapter 8, The Institution Innovation of Non-public Forestry Right. The non-public forest rights include both the forestland right and forest right. The forestry right of non-public is the foundation of institution innovation. Our country current forestry right institution had the fact of discriminating ownership system, and has formed a forestry institutional system in the areas of its expenses and taxation, forest felling, forestry investment and loan etc., even worse, that markets of forestland and living standing tree have not been established, which hinders the flow of forest right seriously, and also hindered the developing of non-public forestry. The non-public forest right institution innovation, on one should set up property right clearly and protect forest right strongly; on the other hand should set up the forest price appraisal institution of the living tree as soon as possible, and set up the market of forestland and living trees, accelerate the circulation of forestland and living trees, disperse the risks of forestry industry. Forestland and living tree circulate price should be based on the society average cost of the forest producing to calculate out the array forest price.