The Influence Of The Minorities Economic Policy On The Development Of The Northeast Border Regions'Economy In The New Stage Of The New Century

For a long time, the foundation of the economic development of our country's border areas was weak, and their economic level have been far behind the local level and even the national average level, and the gap is still gradually widenning. Vigorously developping the economy of the border areas, has become a national strategy, which should be paid more attention and be carried out from the height of the need for national rejuvenation. In the border areas, the minorities regions and the minority play an important role in the economic development, Minorities Economic Policy often can bring tremendous influence on the economic development of border areas. This paper regarded the Northeast Border Regions as its research object, and discussed the role that the Minorities Economic Policy played in the development of the Northeast Border Regions'economy, and thought about how to further adjust and develop the Minorities Economic Policy, in order to solve the problems that still exist in the development of the Northeast Border Regions'economy. This paper is divided into six parts, four parts of the content were carefully analyzed and interpreted, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.Introduction:First, it introduces the purpose and significance of this paper. Second, the related research was reviewed. For the domestic research dynamic, three aspects are introduced in this paper, namely policy, development theory and Economics. For the foreign research dynamic, it mainly introduced the frontier theory, regional economic theory, the coordinated development theory, trade division of labor theory, regional cooperation theory, industrial economy theory, geopolitical and economic theory, the geopolitical system science and the concept of strategic thinking and mechanism design theory. Finally, it introduces the main research contents and methods. This paper will take the minorities program of the communist party of China as the guidance, and decipher the northeast border economic development from the perspective of economic policy about the minorities in China.The first part of this paper introduces Chinese minority economic policy and the general situation of the Northeast Border Regions. First of all, it discussed the concept and the basic principles of the Minorities Economic Policy. The specific condition in China has its particularity, the definition of our national policy should not only refer to the general definition of national policy, and it also should be taken in consideration of the present situation. Second, the content of the minority economic policy was introduced from the span of time in three periods, namely the early stage of the reform and opening up, the early stage of socialist market economy and the new stage in the new century. And it emphatically introduced the new stage in the new century of Minorities Economic Policy, which mainly contained:to further deepen the national fiscal policy whose main content is the payment transferring, to adjust the border trade policy, to further improve the corresponding support policy, the full implementation of the western development strategy, to carry out "the action of prospering frontier and enriching people", to carry out support population less nationalities policy, to carry out encouraging development of national regions and economic development zone policies. Finally, is presented the general situation of the Northeast Border Regions, from the perspective of the natural, geography, administration, national distribution, economic level, the strategic status and development advantages, etc.The second part analyze the promoting role that played by the Minorities Economic Policy on the economic development of the Northeast Border in the new stage of the new century. It interpreted the role from the five perspectives namely the revenue and expenditure, fixed assets investment, border trade, to support the development of the less populated nation and improve the residents'income, combining with the specific statistics discussed. First, the minorities'fiscal policy promoted the northeast border regions fiscal capacity enhancement. After entering the new century, the total fiscal revenue of the northeast frontier areas rose rapidly, the local fiscal expenditure will remain relatively stable or even declined slightly different movements in the total fiscal revenue and local fiscal expenditures reflects the role of national economic policy. Second, the national prime rate policies made the investment in fixed assets of the Northeast Border Regions grow rapidly. Since the beginning of the new century, the Northeast frontier areas, and total fixed asset investment showed an upward trend and the upward momentum is strong. Third, the border trade policies made the Northeast frontier areas'border trade develop rapidly. After entering the new century, about the industrial enterprises above designated size of the northeast frontier areas, the number of units had increased rapidly, the rapid increase in industrial output value, total assets and total profits have shown a trend of gradual increase. Fourth, the supporting small populations of national development policies promoted the development of the less populated nation in the northeast border regions. Fifth, the Frontier action made the Northeast Border Regions'economic growth accelerate, improved the living standards of their people. After entering the new century, driven by the Frontier policy, the Northeast Border Regions'economic growth rate accelerated, and significantly higher than China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in the same period; unit employee's pay and the wages of workers showed an upward trend, thus improved the standard of living of urban residents; the net income of per rural resident raised, and improved living standards of rural residents. The third section discusses the problems of minority economic policies in the economic development in the Northeast Border Regions. This paper takes the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Hunchun as the case. These problems are mainly analyzed from two aspects of the non-economic factors and economic factors in the economic development of the Northeast Border Regions. Non-economic factors include the following:First, the geo-political constraints on economic stability and development. The development of frontier areas in the Northeast and Northeast Asia regional economic cooperation will certainly constrained by the intense ups and downs complex in Northeast Asia geopolitical and economic environment. Second, ecological protection made short-term impact on resource-based industries. Northeast border regions long-term resource-based industries rely on resource development, the formation of certain industry inertia. Short-term impact of eco-friendly measures of industry inertia, but also leads to short-term impact on the resource-based industries. Third, the minorities'problem had an impact on the ethnic and harmonious development of economy and the society. The minorities question is part of the total social issues, will have adverse effects on the northeast border regions economic and social development. Fourth, the concept of consciousness behind that hinders the development of regional business. It is one of the deep-seated reasons that hinder the development of the Northeast border area businesses. Economic factors include:the border trade quality, small-scale, low-grade structure, policy and institutional obstacles and other issues; imperfect port construction, operation unstable, uneven development, similar functions, the overall efficiency and other issues; barriers to geographical environment basic conditions behind to lead to high investment costs; serious population loss, lack of labor and technology professionals; with the hinterland and adjacent areas of regional cooperation is not strong, interactive development and other issues.The fourth part gives the countermeasures to solve the existing problems in the economic development of the northeast border. The countermeasures are also described by the case of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Hunchun. These responses are described from three angles namely the non-economic measures, the economic measures and the strategic responses. The main non-economic aspects: First, implement national policies to promote harmony. Implement the development of national policy, no longer just focus on the stability of the economic and social development in ethnic areas, but also on building a prosperity and development of minority areas. Second, make full use of the geographic advantage, especially in port and channel advantages, and passenger and cargo flights advantages, and expand cooperation. Third, prevent the Population loss,"Strong the people and Solid the edge". It can be adapted to local conditions and social development policies in regional development planning framework to develop moderately sloping, such as the planning area's population as planning special industry, given the preparation, taxation, employment and other aspects of policy preferences. Economic aspects:strengthening regional cooperation and active border trade; increase policy, and funding to support efforts to support the construction of the northeast border regions; deepen resources development, improving the resource industry chain, to reduce dependence on the resources and vigorously develop alternative industries to achieve sustainable urban development. The strategies are: Relying on the border regions to deepen regional cooperation and interaction; basing on the border trade to promote the establishment of a free trade zone in Northeast Asia; taking the Changjitu as the development and opening pilot area to vigorously promote the Cooperated development of the Tumen River Area.