Studies On The Economic Support Policy And Economic Growth Of Chinese Minorities Region

Harmonic ethnic relation is an important way to achieve long-term stability for a multi-ethnic country. Since the founding of New China, the Chinese Communist Party and government always attach importance to the problems about minorities, establish the ethnic regional autonomy system, and implement various supporting policies to the minorities areas, which have played an irreplaceable role in the promotion of the country stability and development of minorities areas. China's minorities policy and work have different priorities in different time. With the gradually change of China's regional development strategy, support is gradually increased. This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of minorities economic development, the evolution of supporting policies and the relation between the supporting policies and economic development, and analyzes the way of realizing the rapid economic development of minorities region and narrowing the gap between minorities areas and developed areas, to provide a theoretical support for the innovation of China's economic supporting policies to minorities.The main body of this paper includes the following aspects:1. Makes an overview the theory of economic growth and display. Solow's neoclassical growth model and the economic convergence hypothesis, development economics point of view of non-balanced development, regional economics focus on the location of the new economic geography to the study of spatial concentration of economic activity, as this study provides important theoretical foundation, while the convergence of regional economic growth and economic differences of spatial concentration, with a more important academic value.2. Analyzes the evolution of China's supporting policies to minorities. The policy for minorities can be divided into 3 periods, such as before-1979, 1979-1992, after-1992.Supporting policies of minorities economy can be divided into six stages, namely the creation of the early days, the fluctuation of"The second five-year"period, the three-line construction during the Cultural Revolution, the innovation after chaos, the improvement in the market economy period, the new development in the period of regional coordination strategy.Supporting policy for minorities economic is very successful; it plays an important positive role for minorities equality, minorities unity, stability in the minorities region, border security. After 2000, the China's supporting policy for minorities economic is focused on promoting economic development in minorities areas, and narrowing the gap with developed areas.3.Analyzes the economic growth of China's minorities areas. Through the analysis on the economic growth of minorities eight provinces (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi, Qinghai, Yunnan, Guizhou), we found that there were some differences in the economic growth rate and in GDP per capita level between the minorities region and nation, such as Inner Mongolia's economic growth by 2 percentage points higher than the nation, while Tibet and Guizhou are more than 1 percentage point lower than the country in per capita GDP, in addition to Inner Mongolia, far ahead of the nation level, the other provinces were less than the minorities level, even less than half of the country, which also reflect the relatively poor features of minorities areas. In addition, the economic growth of eight minorities areas are also significant differences. With the standard made by the level of per capita GDP in 2010 and economic growth rate after 1984, minorities areas can be divided into five groups, Inner Mongolia of high economic growth and high levels, Ningxia and Xinjiang of middle level and high-growth, Qinghai of middle level and low growth, Guangxi of low and high growth, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou of low-level and low growth.By selecting a representative of the non-minorities areas, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jilin and Gansu provinces compared with the eight minorities provinces, we found that economic development level and economic growth of non-minorities areas is uneven, in addition to the eastern coastal provinces, economic development of other regions and minorities regions are very similar, such as Anhui, Gansu, etc.; poor areas of China's economy is not all minorities areas, such as Gansu, and Inner Mongolia. This means that minorities factors are not the main reason lead the minorities regional economy to be poor. since 2002, regional real estate development and investment ratio showed a rapid upward trend, as promote regional economic growth is one important force. Overall, the economic underdevelopment of the minorities areas to speed up the industrialization and urbanization, there is still a large space and long period of time in the future, by industrialization and urbanization, to improve economic growth and narrow the economic gap with rich region.Through the measurement of total factor productivity and its composition of various regions, we analyzed sustainability of minorities regional economic growth, and found that the sustainability are quite different. Among them, the best performance is Xinjiang, which achieves the rapid increase in total factor productivity, and makes the sources of total factor productivity more balanced. There are different types of problems in other minorities provinces. For example, Guizhou, whose total factor productivity grew rapidly by a single source, that depends on its optimal resource allocation in the upgrade with a poor input-output level below the nation, so it is better for Guizhou to expand the source of total factor productivity.4. Effects of the supporting policies of minorities economy– based on the national fiscal transfer payment. We tested China's convergence of per capita real GDP by using the basic statistical indicators. The standard deviation shows that the existence divergence phenomenon of China's real GDP per capita. Theil index shows that the provincial imbalance of real GDP per capita level is increased in 1990, and declined after 2005, and the imbalance is mainly caused by the gap within the group, indicating that the real GDP per capita differences between minorities and non-minorities areas is in the expansion. Cross-sectional data were used to test absolute convergence of China's provinces with different starting times, and found that there is absolute convergence of China's provinces, and coefficient is different with the change of initial year.Based on the panel data model proposed by Islam, we checked conditional convergence of real GDP per capita of China's provinces, and found that there was conditional convergence in economic growth, and real GDP per capita of different provinces convergence to different levels. In the use of sample data of 1994-2009, with the introduction of national fiscal transfer payments as the new explanatory variables, we found that the absolute value of parameter became smaller, and the estimated coefficient is positive, which meant that transfers has a positive effect on regional economic convergence, namely, increasing transfer payments to underdeveloped areas, may help promote economic growth in underdeveloped areas, narrowing the economic gap, achieve the provincial conditions convergence.Based on the above qualitative and quantitative research results, combined with China's reality, we put forward the advices on accelerating the development of China's minorities economic: Speed up capital accumulation in minorities areas. Minority areas Speed up the diffusion of technology in minorities areas. Implement the space decentralization strategy. Benefit from the existing minorities policies.