Early Political Commentator Newspapers And The Modern Nation-state In The Early 20th Century Construction

During the phase of the last nineteenth and early twentieth century, Chinese society was a semi-feudal society because of foreign enemy coming. We faced the dual crises of internal and external problems. Under such crisis, Chinese people start finding a suitable way to save China, such as writing books, setting up organization, founding the press. They propose and publicize their political and ideological ideas and inspire people to save the nation. Then Chinese society boosted many social movements, such as taiping rebellion, westernization movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, revolutions in 1911 and so on. At last, the meaningful racial democratic thoughts were accepted by most common people, which compelling the end of Qing dynasty and then founding a new racial democratic country-temporary government of Republic of China in Nanjing.Under this process, political magazines have many advantages, such as advanced propaganda methods, rich content, fast spread, strong actual effect and so on. They played an inestimable rule in spreading racial democratic thoughts, agitating common people, establishing democratic political power, which greatly urged the modernization of early stage China. Based on those historical events, the whole essay was divided into six chapters to mainly discuss the influence of political press for our racial nation. The introduction part is the foundation. It states the purpose and background of the essay, reviews academic history and discusses the basic theory, ideas and methods. The first chapter discusses the transmission of western political culture during late nineteenth century and early twentieth century and enlightened effects of early political press. It uses the enlightened pioneer-Tao Wan and the enlightened backbone-Early Reform as the example, which causes the transformation of social fashion-from ignorance to chasing of national democratism. Moreover, it also promoted the appearance of China political press and the three upsurges of foundation. The second chapter specifically analyzes the nationalistic thought of the primary political press of China, the characters, representative delegate of political press. Meanwhile, this chapter mainly analyzes the nationalistic thoughts of Early Reform, revolutions, Guo Cui Pai, anarchical party and other parties. Even though those thoughts were different, those all contained the spirit of nationalism and democratism to save China, which was the soul and quintessence of political press. The chapter 3 integrally discusses the realizations from political journals to nations, nationalism and countries and four kinds of orientations of nationalism including ethnic nationalist, political nationalism, economic nationalism and cultural nationalism. On the other hand, this chapter primarily discusses the spreading and motivations of nationalism's thoughts and developments of politics, uncovers the reasons of national depression and national crisis which include aspects of politics, economics, sciences, culture and people's hearts. Finally, this chapter discusses how to rescue the country and it is coming into a new revolution of nationalism. The chapter 4 describes four different nationalism-oriented journals, the interaction between nationalized thoughts and hierarchy of out-standings, at same time, invoke the moving of nationalized thoughts and nationalized political thoughts which marked by the interaction of the controversy between renovations and revolutions. Specifically speaking, the event led the majority of the people wake up from the improved fog. And through the controversy, revolutions spread their ideology of democratic republic, reject the remarks offensive of renovations, awaken the nationalist and democratic political thought of elite. On the other hand, this chapter demonstrate that political newspapers enlighten and direct the low-level hierarchy through introducing western famous articles, publicizing nationalized thoughts, so promote the power of social renovation into integrity, playing a influential role in social motivations, and the wuchang uprising is a typical. Chapter 5 notates that the nationalism movement is growing up based on the guidance and motivations of political journals-revise nationalization, save the nation by engaging in industry, boycott the foreign products, request congress, democratic constitutionalism and so on. These political journals reflect strong nationalism such as pursing democracy, economic-independent and self-confidence. The final chapter discusses the impact from political journals to primary blue-print to national countries that push over the late Qing government, the eruption of revolutions in 1911, as well as the establishment of temporary government of republic of China in Nanjing. These journals enlighten people's intelligent, publicize nationalized thoughts, make people's heart bonding. The broad effect of social motivation and social promotion would never happen without these political journals, also the events of winning revolutions and establishing democratic countries of the bourgeoisie would never achieve neither. Finally, the essay considers the relationship between political press and modern national country as the foothold to obtain new cognition. Specifically speaking, the political press on early twentieth century was the catalyst to establish the national country of the bourgeoisie and make it more perfect and more developed.