Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Method Based On Equivalent Principle

As microwave intergrated circuits develop into higher operating frequency, lower voltage, lower power consumption and smaller size, more functions are integrated in one single chip, which makes the coupling between distributed circuits and lumped circuits have a greater influence on system performance. Successful circuit design must take into account the electromagnetic effects resulting from mutual coupling of distributed electromagnetic structures and lumped circuits or digital devices, while the available commercial electromagnetic numerical softwares have difficulties in solving hybrid circuits that with both lumped and distributed components.In this dissertation, novel Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) methods based on volume equivalent principle and surface equivalent principle are proposed. The PEEC models for conductive, dielctrical and magnetic medium are developed.The PEEC model based on volume equivalent principle originates from the Maxwell Equations with bounded currents and charges, where the medium is replaced by mathematic volume sources such as magnetized currents, polarized currents and polarized charges. Following the general procecure of PEEC, the equivalent sources and real sources are dicritized into equivalent circuit cells and corresponding partial element equivalent circuits are developed. The conductive magnet which could not be included in the traditional PEEC method is modeled using novel partial elements such as magnetized excess capacitance, magnetized excess resistance and current controlled current sources on the magnetic interface.Based on the surface equivalent principle, the electromagnetic field distribution of the region containing inhomogeneities can be calculated with equivalent problems where medium is replaced by mathematic equivalent sources distributed on the interfaces of different media. Following the general procedure of PEEC, the equivalent sources on the interfaces are discritized into equivalent circuit cells and the corresponding partial element equivalent circuits for surface are developed. A novel PEEC model for conductive medium is proposed, where the values of elements are independent with frequency and can be simulated with time solver. In this dissertation, instead of the conventional voltage sources controlled by time derivation of currents, a novel partial element equivalent circuit model is proposed using current controlled current sources to take into account the inductive coupling between current cells, which avoids the time consuming calculation of time derivation and increase the simulation efficience.Finally, the proposed PEEC method is applied to the modeling of magnetically enhanced on-chip spiral inductrors, magnetically-cored spiral inductors and antenna arrays. The retardation effect, skin effect, vicinity effect, magnetization effect, eddy current effect can be simulated. The influence of dispersivity and conductivity of the magnet on magnetically enhanced inductors is simulated. These results are compared with HFSS simulation.