Experiment Study On The Formative Characteristics Of Movement Coordination Based On The Practice Process Of Throwing And Catching Balls By Both Hands

Movement coordination is an important composition of the body's athletic ability, and it is the reflection of the synergism of highly complex nerve - muscle controlling function of the organisms, so this issue has been paid much attention in the field of motor learning, motor control, cognitive science, physical education and sports training, artificial intelligence and robot research. Especially during physical education and sports training, to improve the movement coordination is an important part of technical education and special training. It is the premise and foundation to master and use movement technology, and it effects directly the mastery and application of movement technology, as well as the performance enhancement. Therefore, research on the formative characteristics of movement coordination will help to realize the formative mechanisms and rules of movement coordination, providing a basis for developing appropriate teaching and training methods and means.At present, there exist a lot of perspectives and views among various theories of movement coordination, causing some defects among the research on the formative characteristics of movement coordination:â‘ The important role of psychological, social and environmental factors for the formation of movement coordination were neglected.â‘¡Most of the current study on the formative characteristics of movement coordination is a kind of"static"research, which aimed at the changing characteristics under different moving conditions(such as walking or running at different speed) or"mutation"conditions(like walking changes to running) after the formation of movement coordination, but the changing characteristics during the formation of movement coordination were less concerned.â‘¢Some determination methods and ways have been formed from the perspective of biology and kinematics, but as to the information quantification of determination result, a reasonable and effective method that is universal, standardized and operational has not been found to extract the indicators of the movement characteristics which can help to illustrate the formation of movement coordination effectively.Aiming at the defects, on the basis of fully aware of relevant domestic and international research, the experimental research ideas were formed to study the formative characteristics of movement coordination systematically and dynamically and the ideas are as follows:â‘ to study the formative characteristics of movement coordination systematically and comprehensively from the social environment, human psychological and physiological systems, overcoming the defects that research the formative characteristics from only one or two systems.â‘¡to adopt dynamic teaching experiment to research the formative characteristics, overcoming the defects that treat movement coordination as a static phenomenon.â‘¢to improve the quantification method of the formative characteristics, providing the method to quantify and evaluate the formation of movement coordination by the correlation change between the rates, overcoming the defects of traditional quantification and evaluation method.The purposes of this research are as follows:(1) To add and perfect the current theories of the formative characteristics of movement coordination during learning a new action, to bring up the method to do the research by experiment.(2) to establish rigorous and comprehensive measurement indicators and evaluation methods to measure and evaluate the action in different learning stages.(3) to reveal the formative characteristics through the analysis of the results.(4) to define the property of movement coordination, to differentiate movement coordination and other related concepts, and to provide suggest for the teaching and training of movement coordination through the analysis of the results.In order to achieve the purposes of the study, throwing and catching balls by both hands was selected as the action to be studied. The teaching and training of the action were carried out in a duration of 22 days, and in the process of teaching, the psychological questionnaire testing, as well as three-dimensional photography and SEMG were conducted on the day of 1,8,15,22. The results of determination were quantified and analyzed, to compare the indicators changes of volunteers trained in different periods, and then to conduct the theoretical discussions of the formative characteristics of movement coordination.According to the results analysis of the experiment, the conclusions can be drawn as follows:(1) The measurements results of psychological questionnaire confirmed that a correct conception of movement coordination can be formed psychologically at the beginning of learning a new action, by observing the movement characteristics of a number of joints and balls being throwed of the demonstrators.(2) The measurements results of the three-dimensional photography confirmed that a correct coordination relationship was not formed between the joints of the body and the balls being throwed, and only after a period of training, the correct coordination relationship can be formed.(3) The measurements results of SEMG confirmed that a correct coordination relationship was not formed between muscles of the body, and only after a period of training, the correct coordination relationship can be formed.(4) The experiments revealed the transitivity characteristic of the information of movement coordination, confirming that the social environment system, human physiological system and psychological system are involved in the formation of movement coordination. The information of movement coordination is delivered among the three systems in three different modes of conceptual information, representation and body information.(5) The result showed that there are two characteristics during the formation of movement coordination, that is, the separation of body and mind at the beginning of doing a new action, and the reunification of the body and mind after a period of practice.(6) The result revealed that there exist the mode during the formation of movement coordination and the changing relations of the ratio of the specific joints, balls being throwed and the muscles to complete the same action was called the mode of movement coordination. The formation of movement coordination is the formation of the mode of movement coordination.(7) The result revealed the invariance characteristic after the formation of movement coordination. Once movement coordination was formed, the relations of the ratio of the specific joints, balls being throwed and the muscles won't change easily. when the conditions to complete the action is changed, the action can be completed by maintaining the inner relationship of the ratios and changing some other single indicators.(8) This research deemed that there exist complicated physiological, psychological and social factors behind the movement coordination, and movement coordination should has the physical, psychological and social attributes at the same time.(9) This research defined and differentiated movement coordination and other relative concepts. This research deemed that movement coordination is subject to movement skills, and it is the core for the formation of skills. There is across-correlation between movement coordination and movement technology, and the common part is the conceptual knowledge of movement coordination. There is a cross-correlation between movement coordination and movement quality, and the common part is the material basis of movement coordination. (10) According to the research result, it was suggested that the important role of social and environmental system, psychological system and the information feedback of movement coordination should be paid attention to when teaching and training movement coordination.Because of the complexity of the formation of movement coordination, and the imperfect of the knowledge provided by relative discipline, this research adopted the method of combining theoretical analysis with kinematics measurements, biomechanical measurements and psychological test questionnaire, to extract and analyze the characteristics indicators of the movement coordination during the practice process of throwing and catching balls. The research result will help to reveal the formative characteristics of the movement coordination, and provide the reference to develop effectively the physical education and sports training program to improve the movement coordination ability of human body. The methods and indicators used in this research can also be used in the evaluation of the degree of special movement coordination.