| Due to the advantages such as short response time, easy operation, and convenient to comprehend the wavefront modes, the Hartmann wavefront sensor (H-WFS) is widely utilized nowadays in real-time adaptive optics system,turbulence statistical characterization, optical components test, light quality evaluation, laser atmosphere communication, the wavefront correction of ultrahigh power laser pulses, as well as human eye aberrations measurement. The detection accuracy is important to the performance of the whole optical system.Considerable efforts have been performed in the investigation of H-WFS wavefront detection techniques in past years. In this dissertation, the fundamental studies of H-WFS are presented theoretically and experimentally. Especially, the research of numerical simulation is emphasized. The main contents are including:Based on the basic turbulence theory, the design of laser-guide-star system is given in detail. Applying the standard Gaussian beam ABCD matrix propagation theory, the parameters selection and the corresponding performances of a laser-guide-star emission system are presented theoretically. In received system, the light route matching problems of the micro-lens array and CCD, collimating lens are considered. The performances of seven-aperture and multi-aperture lens arrays are measured by He-Ne laser beam. The laser-guide-star wavefront detection results are also carried out.The centroid measurement errors of Hartmann spots and the factors, which affect the centroid detection accuracy, are introduced. Utilizing Monte-Carlo numerical simulation technique, the comparisons of the detection accuracy for four different centroid estimation algorithms (the Weighted Pixel Average (WPA), the Constrained WPA (CWPA), the Threshold WPA (TWPA), as well as the Weighted WPA (WWPA)) are given for the first time. The results show that the optimum parameters are existed for the last three algorithms, which make the centroid estimation variance minimum.
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